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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Initiative vs. guilt
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage occurs from 3 to 5 years, where children begin to assert control and initiate activities.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Trust vs. mistrust
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage occurs from birth to 18 months, where infants develop trust through consistent care.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following theorists discussed cognitive development and how learning is developed?
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Jean Piaget
- C. Lawrence Kohlberg
- D. James Fowler
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, which describes how children develop intellectual abilities through stages like sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Seeking strong interpersonal relationships.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just to follow the rules but to feel good about motives.
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles.
- C. Child equates doing right equates with doing no wrong punishment with and doing punishment wrong with, punishment
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the for greater the good and because respect of respect for authority for laws,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights human and rights dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice, justice
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group on what is fair,
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Kohlberg's conventional level, seeking strong interpersonal relationships (stage 3) involves acting to gain approval and feel good about motives.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Develop sense of social skills and self-esteem
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recognizing accomplishments supports industry vs. inferiority, fostering social skills and self-esteem.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Decreased production of testosterone.
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased testosterone production in middle age leads to decreased sperm production in males."