Nokea
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Punishment and obedience orientation.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just to follow the rules but to feel good about motives.
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values moral and principles.
- C. Child equates doing right with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment.
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for authority.
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice, Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Kohlberg's preconventional level, punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1) involves equating right with avoiding punishment.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following are characteristics of a 10- to 12-year-old child?
- A. Understands different views about faith
- B. Develops a sense of concern for others
- C. Develops social skills and self-esteem
- D. Understands religion through symbols and stories
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: In Erikson's industry vs. inferiority stage and Piaget's concrete operational stage, 10- to 12-year-olds develop concern for others and social skills/self-esteem through peer interactions and school activities.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Postconventional Level: Focus
- A. Following internal moral principles
- B. Avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain
- C. Maintaining social order
- D. Upholding universal ethics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The focus of Kohlberg's postconventional level is on following internal moral principles and upholding universal ethics, often prioritizing justice and human rights.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are caring for a 2-year-old child whose mother became a drug addict after the child was born. The child was severely neglected. Which of the following statements represents the best description of this child's psychosocial developmental status?
- A. The child is probably still in the first developmental stage: trust versus mistrust.
- B. The child probably does not feel trusting of people and is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- C. The child is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- D. The child has passed the age of the first developmental stage but did not reach the milestone of trust; therefore, he will stay in this stage until he can feel trusting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neglect during infancy likely prevented the child from developing trust (Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage, birth to 18 months), keeping them in this stage despite being 2 years old.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Postconventional Level: Age
- A. 6-12 years
- B. 12-18 years
- C. 18+ years
- D. Adolescence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg's postconventional level typically occurs from 18+ years, as individuals develop principled moral reasoning.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Develop sense of social skills and self-esteem
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recognizing accomplishments supports industry vs. inferiority, fostering social skills and self-esteem.