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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are giving a class to new parents. One of them asks what is the best way to handle temper tantrums. Which of the following is your best response?
- A. Take the child to a quiet place and set firm limits on behaviors.
- B. Ignore the temper tantrum because it is a developmental stage that the child will get over.
- C. Hold the child firmly and gently tell him or her to stop.
- D. Reason with the child that temper tantrums will not get the child's desired result.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taking the child to a quiet place and setting limits helps manage tantrums by providing a calm environment and reinforcing boundaries, appropriate for toddlers in Erikson's autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage.
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Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Social rules and legal orientation.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and fair helping others, not just to follow the rules, but to feel good rather about than motives what might be best,
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles,
- C. Child equates doing right equates with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment,
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good for laws for the greater good and because respect of respect for authority for authority, for laws,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice, justice, justice
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group for the larger group.
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: In Kohlberg's postconventional level, social contract orientation (stage 5) involves valuing human rights and justice through flexible laws.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Slower gastric motility
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slower gastric motility in middle age results in constipation due to delayed digestion.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Learn self-control and the ability to express oneself and cooperate
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increasing independence with praise supports autonomy vs. shame/doubt, encouraging self-control and cooperation.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Preconventional Level: Age
- A. 0-2 years
- B. 2-6 years
- C. 6-12 years
- D. 12+ years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg's preconventional level typically occurs from 6-12 years, as children focus on avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Industry vs. inferiority
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erikson's industry vs. inferiority stage occurs from 5 to 12 years, where children develop competence through school and social activities.