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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A baby boy is born into a family of five (three siblings and two parents). The family qualifies for food stamps and medical assistance. He has an atrial-septal defect that will be repaired when he is older. His parents are in their late 30s and are very loving and supportive; they do not speak English very well. What factor will have the most influence on the baby's development?
- A. His heart defect
- B. His loving, supportive environment
- C. His family's lack of extra income
- D. His parents' inability to speak English fluently
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A loving, supportive environment is critical for psychosocial development (e.g., Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage) and has the most significant positive impact on the baby's development.
You may also like to solve these questions
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Develop sense of social skills and self-esteem
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recognizing accomplishments supports industry vs. inferiority, fostering social skills and self-esteem.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A preschooler who sees his or her parent dressed as Frankenstein will most likely
- A. Think it is funny.
- B. Recognize that it is the parent.
- C. Be frightened.
- D. Not be concerned one way or the other.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Piaget's preoperational stage, preschoolers struggle with distinguishing appearance from reality, so a parent in a scary costume is likely to frighten them.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are giving a class to new parents. One of them asks what is the best way to handle temper tantrums. Which of the following is your best response?
- A. Take the child to a quiet place and set firm limits on behaviors.
- B. Ignore the temper tantrum because it is a developmental stage that the child will get over.
- C. Hold the child firmly and gently tell him or her to stop.
- D. Reason with the child that temper tantrums will not get the child's desired result.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taking the child to a quiet place and setting limits helps manage tantrums by providing a calm environment and reinforcing boundaries, appropriate for toddlers in Erikson's autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Learn to trust others
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: Providing consistent affectionate care supports the trust vs. mistrust stage by fostering trust in caregivers.
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Seeking strong interpersonal relationships.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just to follow the rules but to feel good about motives.
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles.
- C. Child equates doing right equates with doing no wrong punishment with and doing punishment wrong with, punishment
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the for greater the good and because respect of respect for authority for laws,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights human and rights dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice, justice
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group on what is fair,
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Kohlberg's conventional level, seeking strong interpersonal relationships (stage 3) involves acting to gain approval and feel good about motives.