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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Seek sense of self and plan according to one's abilities
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Keeping realistic expectations supports identity vs. role confusion, helping teens plan according to their abilities.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Initiate activities and influence environment
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Encouraging creativity without labeling behavior as 'bad' supports initiative vs. guilt, allowing children to initiate activities.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following theorists discussed cognitive development and how learning is developed?
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Jean Piaget
- C. Lawrence Kohlberg
- D. James Fowler
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, which describes how children develop intellectual abilities through stages like sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Decreased production of testosterone.
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased testosterone production in middle age leads to decreased sperm production in males."
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Preconventional Level: Age
- A. 0-2 years
- B. 2-6 years
- C. 6-12 years
- D. 12+ years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg's preconventional level typically occurs from 6-12 years, as children focus on avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are caring for a 2-year-old child whose mother became a drug addict after the child was born. The child was severely neglected. Which of the following statements represents the best description of this child's psychosocial developmental status?
- A. The child is probably still in the first developmental stage: trust versus mistrust.
- B. The child probably does not feel trusting of people and is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- C. The child is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- D. The child has passed the age of the first developmental stage but did not reach the milestone of trust; therefore, he will stay in this stage until he can feel trusting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neglect during infancy likely prevented the child from developing trust (Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage, birth to 18 months), keeping them in this stage despite being 2 years old.