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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Which of the following theorists discussed a value system and the ability to define right and wrong?
- A. James Fowler
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Lawrence Kohlberg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lawrence Kohlberg developed a theory of moral development, focusing on how individuals develop a sense of right and wrong through stages of moral reasoning.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Industry vs. inferiority
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erikson's industry vs. inferiority stage occurs from 5 to 12 years, where children develop competence through school and social activities.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Generativity vs. stagnation
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Erikson's generativity vs. stagnation stage occurs from 40 to 65 years, focusing on contributing to society and future generations.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Initiate activities and influence environment
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Encouraging creativity without labeling behavior as 'bad' supports initiative vs. guilt, allowing children to initiate activities.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Slower gastric motility
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slower gastric motility in middle age results in constipation due to delayed digestion.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Loss of blood vessel elasticity
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loss of blood vessel elasticity leads to high blood pressure due to increased vascular resistance.