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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. People may not achieve all the stages of moral development and Fowler's stages of spiritual development may be biased to Western cultures. What is important to take away from the information in your textbook about moral and spiritual development?
- A. Development along these lines is erratic.
- B. Moral and spiritual development may be influenced by many factors.
- C. All people have moral and spiritual aspects to their personalities.
- D. It is best to assume that people are morally and spiritually developed.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Moral and spiritual development are influenced by various factors (e.g., culture, environment) and are universal aspects of personality, but progression is not guaranteed or uniform.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Identity vs. role confusion
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage occurs from 12 to 18 years, focusing on developing a personal identity.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. One of the most important health-care interventions for toddlers is
- A. Preventing diabetes.
- B. Preventing accidents.
- C. Establishing good bowel habits.
- D. Establishing good hygiene habits.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers (autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage) are mobile and curious, making accident prevention (e.g., childproofing) critical for their safety.
Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)." Older adults tend to evaluate their lives more than younger adults.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True, In Erikson's integrity vs. despair stage, older adults reflect on their lives, evaluating their accomplishments and legacy.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A 15-year-old boy has been hospitalized. What is an appropriate intervention for this age, according to Erik Erikson?
- A. Encourage the boy's friends to visit
- B. Encourage the parents to assist the boy
- C. Notify the clergy to intervene
- D. Encourage the boy's girlfriend to visit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage (12-18 years), peer relationships are crucial for developing a sense of self. Encouraging friends to visit supports this developmental need.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Postconventional Level: Focus
- A. Following internal moral principles
- B. Avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain
- C. Maintaining social order
- D. Upholding universal ethics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The focus of Kohlberg's postconventional level is on following internal moral principles and upholding universal ethics, often prioritizing justice and human rights.