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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Develop intimate relationships and choose a career
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Avoiding criticism of relationships supports intimacy vs. isolation, aiding in relationship and career development.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are caring for a 2-year-old child whose mother became a drug addict after the child was born. The child was severely neglected. Which of the following statements represents the best description of this child's psychosocial developmental status?
- A. The child is probably still in the first developmental stage: trust versus mistrust.
- B. The child probably does not feel trusting of people and is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- C. The child is in the second developmental stage: autonomy versus shame and doubt.
- D. The child has passed the age of the first developmental stage but did not reach the milestone of trust; therefore, he will stay in this stage until he can feel trusting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neglect during infancy likely prevented the child from developing trust (Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage, birth to 18 months), keeping them in this stage despite being 2 years old.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Learn to trust others
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: Providing consistent affectionate care supports the trust vs. mistrust stage by fostering trust in caregivers.
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Individualism and relativism.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just focusing to on follow what the rules is but fair to feel good rather about than motives what,
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles.
- C. Child equates doing right with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment.
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for laws for authority,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice,
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group.
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: In Kohlberg's preconventional level, individualism and relativism (stage 2) involves children focusing on fairness and personal benefit.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A baby boy is born into a family of five (three siblings and two parents). The family qualifies for food stamps and medical assistance. He has an atrial-septal defect that will be repaired when he is older. His parents are in their late 30s and are very loving and supportive; they do not speak English very well. What factor will have the most influence on the baby's development?
- A. His heart defect
- B. His loving, supportive environment
- C. His family's lack of extra income
- D. His parents' inability to speak English fluently
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A loving, supportive environment is critical for psychosocial development (e.g., Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage) and has the most significant positive impact on the baby's development.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Accept worth, uniqueness, and death
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reviewing accomplishments supports integrity vs. despair, helping individuals accept their life's worth.