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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Puberty is defined as
- A. The stage in which children become interested in the opposite sex.
- B. The stage in which peers become all-important.
- C. The stage in which secondary sexual characteristics develop.
- D. The stage in which dramatic growth spurts occur.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Puberty involves physical changes like secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., breast development, facial hair) and growth spurts, typically occurring in early adolescence.
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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Initiate activities and influence environment
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Encouraging creativity without labeling behavior as 'bad' supports initiative vs. guilt, allowing children to initiate activities.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erikson's autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage occurs from 18 months to 3 years, where toddlers develop independence.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A baby boy is born into a family of five (three siblings and two parents). The family qualifies for food stamps and medical assistance. He has an atrial-septal defect that will be repaired when he is older. His parents are in their late 30s and are very loving and supportive; they do not speak English very well. What factor will have the most influence on the baby's development?
- A. His heart defect
- B. His loving, supportive environment
- C. His family's lack of extra income
- D. His parents' inability to speak English fluently
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A loving, supportive environment is critical for psychosocial development (e.g., Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage) and has the most significant positive impact on the baby's development.
Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F)." Learning abilities decline significantly in older adults.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: False, While processing speed may slow, older adults retain significant learning ability to learn with appropriate support and time.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. Based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development, at which stage would it be best to teach algebra?
- A. Formal operational
- B. Preoperational
- C. Sensorimotor
- D. Concrete operational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The formal operational stage (12+ years) involves abstract thinking, making it ideal for teaching algebra, which requires symbolic reasoning.