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Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Individualism and relativism.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just focusing to on follow what the rules is but fair to feel good rather about than motives what,
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles.
- C. Child equates doing right with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment.
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for laws for authority,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice,
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group.
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: In Kohlberg's preconventional level, individualism and relativism (stage 2) involves children focusing on fairness and personal benefit.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. You are giving a class to new parents. One of them asks what is the best way to handle temper tantrums. Which of the following is your best response?
- A. Take the child to a quiet place and set firm limits on behaviors.
- B. Ignore the temper tantrum because it is a developmental stage that the child will get over.
- C. Hold the child firmly and gently tell him or her to stop.
- D. Reason with the child that temper tantrums will not get the child's desired result.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taking the child to a quiet place and setting limits helps manage tantrums by providing a calm environment and reinforcing boundaries, appropriate for toddlers in Erikson's autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Loss of subcutaneous tissue.
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Loss of subcutaneous tissue in middle age causes skin wrinkling due to reduced skin elasticity.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Preconventional Level: Focus
- A. Following internal moral principles
- B. Avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain
- C. Maintaining social order
- D. Upholding universal ethics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The focus of Kohlberg's preconventional level is on avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain, driven by self-interest.
Match the following physiological changes that occur in middle age to the clinical manifestation. Decreased production of estrogen.
- A. High blood pressure.
- B. Menopause.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Skin wrinkling.
- E. Decreased sperm production.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased estrogen production in middle age triggers menopause in females, characterized by the cessation of menstrual cycles.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Industry vs. inferiority
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erikson's industry vs. inferiority stage occurs from 5 to 12 years, where children develop competence through school and social activities.