Basic Principles of Pharmacology Quizlet

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Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed IM to create a storage reservoir of the drug. Storage reservoirs:

  • A. Assure that the drug will reach its intended target tissue
  • B. Are the reason for giving loading doses
  • C. Increase the length of time a drug is available and active
  • D. Are most common in collagen tissues
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because storage reservoirs increase the length of time a drug is available and active in the body. By administering medroxyprogesterone IM, a storage reservoir is created in the muscle tissue, allowing for a slow and sustained release of the drug over time. This helps maintain therapeutic levels of the medication in the bloodstream, prolonging its effects.

Incorrect answers:
A: Assuring the drug reaches its intended target tissue is related to factors such as drug transport mechanisms, not storage reservoirs.
B: Loading doses are given to achieve therapeutic levels quickly, not necessarily due to storage reservoirs.
D: Storage reservoirs are not limited to collagen tissues; they can be present in various tissues depending on the drug's properties.

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What term best defines the cimetidine-diazepam interaction where the sedative effect of diazepam increased significantly?

  • A. Synergism
  • B. Potentiation
  • C. Additive
  • D. Antagonism
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The cimetidine-diazepam interaction, where the sedative effect of diazepam increased significantly due to the inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 system by cimetidine, can be best defined as potentiation. Potentiation refers to the enhancement of one drug's effect by another, leading to a greater overall effect than either drug alone. In this case, cimetidine potentiates the sedative effect of diazepam by inhibiting its metabolism, resulting in increased sedation.

Codeine is an example of a(n) as the cytochrome P450 system metabolizes the drug to facilitate receptor affinity.

  • A. agonist
  • B. prodrug
  • C. antagonist
  • D. none
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Codeine is a prodrug because it is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system into its active form, morphine, which has the desired receptor affinity. This step is essential for codeine to exert its analgesic effects. Agonist (A) directly activates receptors, antagonist (C) blocks receptor activity, and "none" (D) is not applicable in this context.

Which of the following conditions most likely delayed the oral absorption of acetaminophen in the patient who took a large dose in aqueous solution?

  • A. A moderate increase in intestinal peristalsis
  • B. The presence of strong pain
  • C. The administration of the drug in aqueous solution
  • D. A large volume of distribution of the drug
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The presence of strong pain can delay the absorption of acetaminophen by affecting gastric motility and absorption processes.

An agonist activates a receptor and stimulates a response. When given frequently over time the body may:

  • A. Up-regulate the total number of receptors
  • B. Block the receptor with a partial agonist
  • C. Alter the drug’s metabolism
  • D. Down-regulate the numbers of that specific receptor
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Down-regulate the numbers of that specific receptor.
Step 1: When an agonist continuously activates a receptor, the body may reduce the number of receptors to maintain homeostasis.
Step 2: Down-regulation is a feedback mechanism to decrease receptor sensitivity due to excessive stimulation.
Step 3: This helps prevent overstimulation and desensitization of the receptor.
Summary:
A: Up-regulating the total number of receptors is unlikely as the body typically down-regulates in response to prolonged agonist exposure.
B: Blocking the receptor with a partial agonist is not a typical response to repeated agonist exposure.
C: Altering the drug's metabolism is not directly related to receptor down-regulation in response to agonist stimulation.

An older patient has just started on hydrochlorothiazide and is advised by the health care provider to eat foods rich in potassium. What is the nurse’s best recommendation of foods to consume?

  • A. Cabbage and corn
  • B. Bread and cheese
  • C. Avocados and mushrooms
  • D. Brown rice and fish
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
C: Avocados and mushrooms are rich in potassium, which can help counteract the potassium-wasting effects of hydrochlorothiazide. Avocado contains around 485mg of potassium per 100g, and mushrooms have around 396mg per 100g. Both are excellent choices for increasing potassium intake.
Summary:
A: Cabbage and corn are not as high in potassium compared to avocados and mushrooms.
B: Bread and cheese are not significant sources of potassium compared to avocados and mushrooms.
D: Brown rice and fish do contain some potassium, but not as much as avocados and mushrooms.