Nokea
Mental disorders are almost always _______, meaning they are influenced by multiple genes.
- A. environmental
- B. chemical circuits
- C. polygenic
- D. probabilistic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'polygenic.' Mental disorders are polygenic, which means they are influenced by multiple genes. This term specifically refers to conditions or traits that are caused by more than one gene. Choice A, 'environmental,' is incorrect as it doesn't directly refer to the genetic influence on mental disorders. Choice B, 'chemical circuits,' is incorrect as it is too specific and not a common term used to describe the genetic basis of mental disorders. Choice D, 'probabilistic,' is incorrect as it relates more to the likelihood or chance of something happening rather than the genetic influence on mental disorders.
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What is object-relations theory?
- A. It is the theory that focuses on observable behaviors only.
- B. It is a newer psychodynamic theory focusing on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships.
- C. It is the theory that emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in shaping behavior.
- D. It is a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing maladaptive thought patterns.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Object-relations theory is a psychodynamic theory that focuses on how individuals interact with others and their internalized relationships. Choice A is incorrect because object-relations theory goes beyond observable behaviors to explore internalized relationships. Choice C is incorrect because object-relations theory does not primarily emphasize cognitive processes. Choice D is incorrect because object-relations theory is not a cognitive-behavioral theory focused on changing thought patterns.
What are genes made of?
- A. Trisomes
- B. Chromosomes
- C. DNA
- D. Proteins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Genes are made of DNA, which is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of organisms. While chromosomes contain genes, they are not what genes themselves are made of. Proteins are involved in gene expression and regulation, but they are not the primary material genes consist of. Trisomes is an incorrect term in this context and does not relate to the composition of genes.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
- A. A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental disorders.
- B. A model that emphasizes the interaction between biological and psychological factors, excluding social influences.
- C. The biopsychosocial model emphasizes only psychological factors in mental disorders.
- D. The biopsychosocial model is a purely biological approach to mental health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The biopsychosocial model is a comprehensive approach that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental disorders. Choice A is correct because it accurately describes how this model integrates these three factors. Choice B is incorrect as it excludes social influences from the model. Choice C is incorrect because it states that the model only emphasizes psychological factors, which is not true. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that the model is purely biological, which is also inaccurate.
When examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always ________.
- A. influenced by one particular gene.
- B. influenced by multiple genes.
- C. influenced by recessive genes.
- D. not influenced by genes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When examining heredity and mental disorders, it is important to note that these conditions are influenced by multiple genes working together. Mental disorders are complex traits that arise from the interplay of various genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, choice B, 'influenced by multiple genes,' is the correct answer. Choice A, 'influenced by one particular gene,' is incorrect because mental disorders typically do not result from the action of a single gene. Choice C, 'influenced by recessive genes,' is incorrect as it oversimplifies the genetic basis of mental disorders. Choice D, 'not influenced by genes,' is also incorrect as genes play a significant role in the development of mental disorders.
An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is ________.
- A. Look for kids who are very popular because they are class clowns.
- B. Silent, depressed, loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed.
- C. There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school.
- D. The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The best advice is to look for aggression toward peers as the best predictor of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school. Option A is incorrect because being popular or a class clown doesn't necessarily indicate delinquency. Option B is incorrect as not all silent, depressed loners end up as dropouts. Option C is incorrect as research shows that early signs of aggression can predict future delinquent behavior and school dropout rates, making it feasible to intervene early.