Nokea
minutes of birth may be as high as:
- A. 50
- B. 60
- C. 80
- D. 100
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The number of minutes in an hour is 60. Therefore, the maximum number of minutes at birth can only be 60 minutes in an hour. Since the options provided are all above 60, the highest plausible option is 100 minutes, making option D the correct answer.
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A patient is admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of heart failure. The patient reports that she has had increasing fatigue during the past 2 weeks. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this fatigue?
- A. Dyspnea
- B. Decreased cardiac output
- C. Dry cough
- D. Orthopnea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue in a patient with heart failure is commonly caused by decreased cardiac output. In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands, resulting in reduced delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. This can lead to generalized weakness and fatigue. Dyspnea (choice A) is commonly associated with heart failure but is more specific to difficulty breathing, while a dry cough (choice C) is a symptom that can be present but is not typically the primary cause of fatigue. Orthopnea (choice D) is a symptom of heart failure characterized by difficulty breathing when lying flat but is not directly related to the patient's increasing fatigue in this scenario.
Regarding physical growth of preschool children (3-5 years), all are true EXCEPT
- A. 7-8 kg weight increment/yr
- B. 20 primary teeth erupted by 3 years
- C. brain stops myelinization by 8 years
- D. height increment/yr average is 5-6 cm up to 18 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight increment varies and is generally less than 7-8 kg/yr.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for marrow suppression, the major dose-limiting adverse reaction to floxuridine (FUDR). How long after drug administration does bone marrow suppression become noticeable?
- A. 24 hours
- B. 7 to 14 days
- C. 2 to 4 days
- D. 21 to 28 days
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Marrow suppression is the major dose-limiting adverse reaction to floxuridine (FUDR). It typically becomes noticeable 2 to 4 days after drug administration. Floxuridine acts by interfering with DNA replication and is most toxic to rapidly dividing cells, such as those in the bone marrow. As a result, bone marrow suppression leading to decreased production of blood cells can occur relatively quickly after the administration of floxuridine. Monitoring for bone marrow suppression is essential in patients receiving this medication to ensure timely intervention and prevention of complications such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.
The nurse is planning care for a family expecting their newborn to die. The nurse's interventions should be based on which statement?
- A. Tangible remembrances of the newborn (e.g., lock of hair, picture) prolong grief.
- B. Photographs of newborns should not be taken after the death has occurred.
- C. Funerals are not recommended because mother is still recovering from childbirth.
- D. Parents should be encouraged to name their newborn if they have not done so already.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parents should be encouraged to name their newborn if they have not done so already because giving the baby a name can help the parents acknowledge their baby as a unique individual. It can also provide a sense of connection and identity, which can be important for the grieving process and coping with the loss. Naming the baby allows the parents to honor their child's existence and memory, and it can be a meaningful part of their healing journey.
Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year?
- A. Congenital anomalies
- B. Sudden infant death syndrome
- C. Respiratory distress syndrome
- D. Bacterial sepsis of the newborn
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year. These anomalies are conditions that a baby is born with, either due to genetic factors or other factors during fetal development. They can affect various parts of the body, such as the heart, brain, or other organs. Congenital anomalies can be severe and life-threatening, leading to infant mortality. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is also a significant cause of infant deaths, but congenital anomalies are more commonly cited as the leading cause of death in this age group.