Nokea
Mr. and Mrs. Baker's only daughter is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate to promote optimal nutrition for the infant?
- A. Replacing regular nipples with easy-to-suck ones
- B. Allowing the infant to feed for at least 1 hour
- C. Providing large feedings evenly spaced every 4 hours
- D. Offering formula that is high in sodium and calories 47
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Replacing regular nipples with easy-to-suck ones would be appropriate to promote optimal nutrition for the infant with heart failure. Infants with heart failure may have difficulty feeding due to fatigue and respiratory distress. Using easy-to-suck nipples can help the infant conserve energy during feeding and promote adequate intake. This intervention aims to make feeding easier for the infant and improve overall nutrition status.
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diagnosis of congenital heart disease usually through
- A. cardiac catheterization.
- B. chest x-ray and ECG.
- C. echocardiogram.
- D. all of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diagnosis of congenital heart disease is most commonly done through an echocardiogram, which is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. This imaging technique allows healthcare providers to visualize any abnormalities in the heart's structure and how it is functioning. While cardiac catheterization and chest x-ray with ECG can also provide valuable information, an echocardiogram is the primary diagnostic tool for identifying congenital heart defects due to its accuracy, safety, and non-invasiveness.
Biopsy is a diagnostic procedure which:
- A. Detects the presence of malignant cells
- B. Measures hemoglobin content
- C. Measures the RBC size
- D. Detects arterial occlusion Situation: Cancer ranks third in leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. Early detection Increases the survival rate of those afflicted. You are a nurse in a cancer-prevention and screening clinic and are for health education.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of tissue or cells from the body for examination under a microscope. This is done to determine the presence of abnormal or malignant cells, which can indicate the presence of cancer or other diseases. Biopsies are often performed when there is a suspicion of cancer based on imaging studies or other clinical findings. Detecting malignant cells through a biopsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. Early detection of cancer through biopsy can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rates of patients.
Which laboratory study is monitored for the patient receiving heparin therapy?
- A. INR
- B. PTT
- C. PT
- D. Bleeding time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The laboratory study monitored for a patient receiving heparin therapy is the Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT). Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting clot formation. PTT measures the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, which is affected by heparin administration. Monitoring the PTT helps ensure that the patient's blood is at the appropriate level of anticoagulation and reduces the risk of bleeding or clot formation.
The nurse observes yellow staining in the sclera of eyes, soles of feet, and palms of hands. How should the nurse document these findings?
- A. Normal
- B. Erythema
- C. Jaundice
- D. Ecchymosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Jaundice is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white part of the eyes), soles of feet, and palms of hands that occurs due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells and is normally processed by the liver and excreted in bile. When the liver is unable to process bilirubin effectively, it can accumulate in the blood and cause jaundice. Therefore, the nurse should document these findings as jaundice, which is a sign of liver dysfunction or other underlying health issues that need further assessment and management.
Granulocytic sarcoma masses are commonly seen in which type of the following malignancies?
- A. neuroblastoma
- B. rhabdomyosarcoma
- C. soft tissue sarcoma
- D. AML
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Granulocytic sarcoma is most commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).