Nokea
Mr. B, diagnosed with hypothyroidism, is being discharged after starting thyroid hormone therapy. Which of the following would indicate that the treatment is effective?
- A. A decrease in weight
- B. Normal serum thyroid hormone levels
- C. Relief of fatigue
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Effective treatment for hypothyroidism is indicated by normalization of thyroid hormone levels, which helps alleviate symptoms like fatigue and weight gain.
You may also like to solve these questions
In Which of the Following Pairs, the Hormone of Endocrine Glands and Its Primary Action Is Incorrect or Mismatched?
- A. Calcitonin - Lower blood calcium levels
- B. Parathyroid - Raises blood calcium levels
- C. Somatostatin - Inhibits release of glucagon
- D. Melatonin - Regulates the rate of cellular metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - Melatonin - Regulates the rate of cellular metabolism. Melatonin is a hormone primarily involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, not cellular metabolism.
A: Calcitonin - Lower blood calcium levels - Correct. Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels.
B: Parathyroid - Raises blood calcium levels - Correct. Parathyroid hormone is released by the parathyroid glands to raise blood calcium levels.
C: Somatostatin - Inhibits release of glucagon - Correct. Somatostatin inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin.
The Action of Parathormone in the Human Body
- A. Decreases blood sodium level
- B. Increases blood sodium level
- C. Decreases blood calcium level
- D. Increases blood calcium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increases blood calcium level. Parathormone is released by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels. It acts to increase blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. This helps to maintain proper calcium levels in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because parathormone does not have any direct effect on blood sodium levels and actually works to increase, not decrease, blood calcium levels.
Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?
- A. enzyme
- B. humoral
- C. neural
- D. hormonal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: enzyme. Endocrine glands are stimulated by three main categories: humoral (based on blood levels of certain substances), neural (stimulation by nerves), and hormonal (stimulation by other hormones). Enzymes do not directly stimulate endocrine glands. They are biological catalysts that facilitate biochemical reactions, not a category of stimulus for endocrine glands. Therefore, A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are valid categories of endocrine gland stimulus based on blood levels, nerves, and hormones respectively.
Which row shows the correct order of reactivity for the elements?
- A. silver, calcium, carbon, potassium
- B. silver, carbon, calcium, potassium
- C. sodium, hydrogen, zinc, gold
- D. sodium, zinc, hydrogen, gold
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of reactivity for elements is based on their tendency to lose electrons. In this case, sodium is the most reactive as it readily loses an electron to form a stable ion. Zinc is less reactive compared to sodium but more reactive than hydrogen and gold. Hydrogen is less reactive than both zinc and sodium. Gold is the least reactive among the options given. Therefore, the correct order of reactivity is sodium > zinc > hydrogen > gold, which matches option D. Choices A, B, and C do not follow the correct order of reactivity for the elements listed, making them incorrect.
The antagonistic hormone to insulin is __________.
- A. cortisol
- B. norepinephrine/epinephrine
- C. glucagon
- D. mineralocorticoids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: glucagon. Glucagon is the hormone that opposes the actions of insulin by increasing blood glucose levels. When blood sugar levels are low, glucagon signals the liver to release stored glucose, raising blood sugar levels. Cortisol (A) and mineralocorticoids (D) are not directly antagonistic to insulin. Norepinephrine/epinephrine (B) play a role in the fight-or-flight response, but they do not directly counteract insulin's actions on glucose regulation.