Nokea
Mr. Galino is diagnosed to have Raynaud’s disease. Nurse Oliver gives instructions to the client to stop smoking because it causes:
- A. cyanosis and necrosis
- B. vasoconstriction, vasospasms
- C. decreased blood oxygen content
- D. pain and tingling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: vasoconstriction, vasospasms.
1. Raynaud's disease involves exaggerated vasoconstriction and vasospasms of blood vessels in response to cold or stress.
2. Smoking aggravates vasoconstriction and vasospasms by constricting blood vessels further.
3. This can worsen symptoms for individuals with Raynaud's disease.
4. Choices A, C, and D do not directly relate to the mechanism of Raynaud's disease and smoking.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is an adverse reaction to glipizide (Glucotrol)?
- A. Headache
- B. Hypotension
- C. Constipation
- D. Photosensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypotension. Glipizide is a sulfonylurea medication used to treat diabetes by lowering blood sugar levels. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, can be an adverse reaction as glipizide may cause vasodilation leading to a drop in blood pressure. Headache (choice A), constipation (choice C), and photosensitivity (choice D) are not common adverse reactions associated with glipizide use. Headache may occur due to other factors, constipation is more commonly associated with opioids, and photosensitivity is typically seen with certain antibiotics or NSAIDs.
The physician orders propranolol (Inderal) for a client's angina. The effect of this drug is to:
- A. Act as a vasoconstrictor
- B. Block beta stimulation in the heart
- C. Act as a vasodilator
- D. Increase the heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Block beta stimulation in the heart. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that works by blocking the beta receptors in the heart, which reduces the heart's workload and oxygen demand, making it an effective treatment for angina. By blocking beta stimulation, propranolol helps to decrease heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial contractility. This ultimately improves oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Act as a vasoconstrictor - Propranolol does not act as a vasoconstrictor; it actually can cause vasodilation in some cases.
C: Act as a vasodilator - Propranolol is not primarily a vasodilator; its main action is to block beta stimulation in the heart.
D: Increase the heart rate - Propranolol actually decreases heart rate by blocking beta receptors in the heart.
The nurse is caring for a patient who requires a complex dressing change. While in the patient’s room, the nurse decides to change the dressing. Which action will the nurse take just before changing the dressing?
- A. Gathers and organizes needed supplies
- B. Decides on goals and outcomes for the patient
- C. Assesses the patient’s readiness for the procedure
- D. Calls for assistance from another nursing staff member
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because gathering and organizing needed supplies is a crucial step before performing a complex dressing change. By ensuring all necessary supplies are readily available, the nurse can streamline the process, minimize interruptions, and promote efficiency. This step also helps maintain aseptic technique and prevent the spread of infection. Deciding on goals and outcomes (B) is important but typically done as part of the care planning process, not immediately before a dressing change. Assessing the patient's readiness (C) is also important but can be done concurrently with gathering supplies. Calling for assistance (D) may be necessary in some situations, but it is not the immediate step required just before changing the dressing.
In assessing a post mastectomy client, the nurse determines that the client is in denial. The nurse can best respond by:
- A. Accepting the denial.
- B. Supporting the denial.
- C. Confronting the denial.
- D. Interpreting the denial.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: Confronting the denial. Denial is a defense mechanism that can hinder the client's acceptance and coping with the situation. By confronting the denial in a supportive and empathetic manner, the nurse can help the client acknowledge and process their feelings. Accepting (A) or supporting (B) the denial would enable the client to avoid facing reality. Interpreting (D) the denial may lead to miscommunication or misunderstanding. Confronting the denial encourages the client to address their emotions and move towards acceptance and healing.
The initial neurological symptom of Guilain-Barre Syndrome is:
- A. Absent tendon reflex
- B. Paresthesia of the legs
- C. Dysrhythmias
- D. Transient hypertension Toni a 32 year old mother of two has had multiple sclerosis for 5 years. She is currently enrolled in a school of nursing. Her husband is supportive and helps with care of their preschool sons. Toni has been admitted to the clinical area for diagnostic studies related to symptoms of visual disturbances.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is characterized by a rapid onset of weakness and tingling sensations in the legs.
Step 2: Paresthesia refers to abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness, which is a common initial neurological symptom of GBS.
Step 3: Absent tendon reflexes may occur in GBS due to muscle weakness but are not typically the initial symptom.
Step 4: Dysrhythmias and transient hypertension are not typical symptoms of GBS and are not associated with its initial presentation.
In summary, choice B is correct as paresthesia of the legs is a hallmark initial neurological symptom of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, while choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical presentation of GBS.