Nokea
Mr. Gary signed the consent form for his surgery after the nurse explained the procedure to him. This is an example of?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Informed consent
- C. Veracity
- D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mr. Gary signing after explanation is informed consent (B) understanding precedes agreement, per ethics/law. Autonomy (A) enables choice, veracity (C) truth, fidelity (D) promises not consent-specific. B reflects the process, making it correct.
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A client with osteoporosis is being taught about dietary management. Which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of foods high in vitamin D.
- B. I should decrease my intake of foods high in calcium.
- C. I should increase my intake of foods high in phosphorus.
- D. I should decrease my intake of foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Increasing intake of foods high in vitamin D is beneficial for improving calcium absorption and managing osteoporosis. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is essential for bone health and can aid in managing osteoporosis effectively. Choice B is incorrect because reducing calcium intake would be counterproductive for a client with osteoporosis, as calcium is crucial for bone strength. Choice C is incorrect as phosphorus, while important for bone health, does not directly impact osteoporosis management as much as vitamin D and calcium. Choice D is incorrect as potassium is not directly linked to osteoporosis management, and reducing its intake is not typically part of dietary recommendations for osteoporosis.
What is an example of a subjective data?
- A. Heart rate of 68 beats per minute
- B. Yellowish sputum
- C. Client verbalized, 'I feel pain when urinating.'
- D. Noisy breathing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Subjective data consists of information reported by the patient, reflecting their personal experiences, sensations, or perceptions, which cannot be directly measured by the nurse. The statement 'I feel pain when urinating' is a classic example, as it conveys the patient's subjective sensation of pain, reliant on their verbal report rather than objective observation. This type of data is crucial for understanding symptoms like pain or discomfort that lack visible signs. In contrast, a heart rate of 68 beats per minute is objective, measurable via pulse check. Yellowish sputum and noisy breathing are also objective, observable through sight and sound during assessment. Subjective data, like the patient's pain report, enhances the nurse's ability to assess holistic needs, guiding further inquiry or intervention, such as checking for urinary tract issues, making it distinct from observable, objective findings.
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of insulin. Which of the following actions should the professional take?
- A. Use a 1-inch needle.
- B. Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle.
- C. Use a tuberculin syringe.
- D. Aspirate before injecting.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When administering a subcutaneous injection, inserting the needle at a 90-degree angle is appropriate. This angle helps ensure proper delivery of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue. Using a 1-inch needle is common for subcutaneous injections to reach the subcutaneous fat layer adequately. Tuberculin syringes are typically used for intradermal injections, not subcutaneous injections. Aspirating before injecting is not necessary for subcutaneous injections as it is primarily used for intramuscular injections to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel.
A client with chronic kidney disease is being educated by a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should limit my intake of protein to prevent overworking my kidneys.
- B. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of phosphorus-rich foods.
- D. I should increase my intake of calcium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In chronic kidney disease, limiting protein intake is crucial to prevent overworking the kidneys. Excessive protein consumption can lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste products that the kidneys struggle to process, worsening kidney function. Therefore, by recognizing the need to restrict protein intake, the client demonstrates an understanding of the dietary management required for their condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of potassium-rich foods (Choice B) is not recommended in chronic kidney disease as it can lead to hyperkalemia. Similarly, increasing intake of phosphorus-rich foods (Choice C) is not advised because impaired kidneys struggle to excrete phosphorus, leading to elevated levels in the blood. Lastly, increasing intake of calcium-rich foods (Choice D) may not be necessary unless there is a specific deficiency or requirement, as calcium balance is often disrupted in chronic kidney disease.
A client with a traumatic brain injury is receiving mannitol. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, can cause hypotension (A) from fluid shifts and diuresis. Hyperkalemia (B), hyperglycemia (C), or bradycardia (D) are less common. A is correct. Rationale: BP drop risks perfusion; monitoring ensures safety, per pharmacology, critical in brain injury management.