LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions

LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions Related

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A client with peptic ulcer disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should avoid drinking milk.
  • B. I should avoid drinking coffee.
  • C. I should avoid eating high-fiber foods.
  • D. I should avoid eating low-fat foods.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding coffee is important in managing peptic ulcer disease as it helps reduce acid production and alleviate symptoms. Coffee is known to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, which can exacerbate ulcer symptoms. Therefore, instructing the client to avoid drinking coffee is essential in the dietary management of peptic ulcer disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Drinking milk is generally allowed and can even provide a protective effect against ulcers. High-fiber foods are beneficial for digestion and do not need to be avoided unless they cause discomfort. Low-fat foods are also typically recommended for individuals with peptic ulcer disease as they are easier on the digestive system.

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A client with hypertension is being educated by a healthcare professional about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should consume foods low in potassium.
  • B. I should consume foods low in sodium.
  • C. I should consume foods high in saturated fats.
  • D. I should consume foods high in cholesterol.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I should consume foods low in sodium.' This statement indicates an understanding of managing hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure, so reducing sodium consumption is crucial in hypertension management to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Consuming foods low in potassium is not typically recommended for hypertension management as potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables can be beneficial. Consuming foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol can be detrimental to cardiovascular health and should be limited in individuals with hypertension.

According to Maslow, which of the following is TRUE about a self actualized person?

  • A. Makes decision contrary to public opinion
  • B. Do not predict events
  • C. Self centered
  • D. Maximum degree of self conflict
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Maslow's self-actualized individual (1940s) decides independently e.g., rejecting trends for ethics. They predict events (insight), aren't self-centered (altruistic), and minimize conflict. Nurses foster this e.g., supporting unconventional choices enhancing self-directed health decisions, per humanistic theory.

When caring for a client with a spinal cord injury, the nurse continually monitors this client for which medical emergency?

  • A. Hemorrhage
  • B. Hypovolemic shock
  • C. Gastrointestinal atony
  • D. Autonomic hyperreflexia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Autonomic hyperreflexia (D) is a medical emergency in spinal cord injury (SCI) above T6, causing severe hypertension from unopposed sympathetic response. Hemorrhage (A) or shock (B) requires trauma context. GI atony (C) is chronic, not emergent. D is correct. Rationale: Hyperreflexia, triggered by stimuli like bladder distension, can lead to stroke or death if untreated, requiring urgent monitoring and intervention, per SCI emergency protocols, unlike less acute complications.

An autoclave is used to sterilize hospital supplies because:

  • A. More articles can be sterilized at a time
  • B. Steam causes less damage to the materials
  • C. A lower temperature can be obtained
  • D. Pressurized steam penetrates the supplies better
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pressurized steam enhances penetration, ensuring thorough sterilization.

A client with renal calculi is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should increase my intake of calcium-rich foods.
  • B. I should decrease my intake of calcium-rich foods.
  • C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
  • D. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because decreasing the intake of calcium-rich foods can help manage and prevent the formation of renal calculi. Excessive calcium intake can contribute to the formation of these stones, so reducing calcium-rich foods is a key dietary modification for individuals with renal calculi. Choice A is incorrect as increasing calcium-rich foods can exacerbate the condition. Choice C is incorrect because increasing sodium-rich foods can lead to more stone formation due to increased calcium excretion. Choice D is incorrect as potassium-rich foods do not directly contribute to the formation of renal calculi.

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