Nokea
Mr. Gary was referred to a cardiologist for his heart condition. This is an example of?
- A. Primary care
- B. Secondary care
- C. Tertiary care
- D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Referral to a cardiologist is secondary care (B) specialized, per system. Primary (A) is initial, tertiary (C) advanced/rehab, promotion (D) preventive not specialist-based. B fits referral level, making it correct.
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When an LVN/LPN is working for a health-care organization that has professional liability insurance, the nurse needs to base a decision on whether to buy individual professional liability insurance on which of the following things?
- A. the possibility that the organization could countersue the nurse in a lawsuit
- B. the cost of professional liability insurance to the nurse
- C. the amount and type of coverage the health-care organization carries
- D. the number of hours worked and the type of nursing work
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deciding whether to purchase individual professional liability insurance as an LVN/LPN involves weighing personal risk, and the possibility of the organization countersuing the nurse in a lawsuit is a critical factor. Organizational insurance typically covers nurses acting within their scope, but if a lawsuit arises and the organization's interests diverge such as alleging nurse negligence they might countersue to deflect liability. Individual insurance provides independent protection, ensuring legal defense and coverage tailored to the nurse's needs. Cost, organizational coverage, and work hours are relevant but secondary; cost affects feasibility, coverage might leave gaps, and hours or work type influence risk but don't address the specific threat of a countersuit. This choice emphasizes proactive self-protection in a litigious environment, safeguarding the nurse's career and finances.
A woman who is six months pregnant is seen in antepartal clinic. She states she is having trouble with constipation. To minimize this condition, the nurse should instruct her to
- A. Increase her fluid intake to three liters/day
- B. Request a prescription for a laxative from her physician
- C. Stop taking iron supplements
- D. Take two tablespoons of mineral oil daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased fluid intake helps prevent constipation by softening stool.
You are doing the evaluation step of the nursing process and find that two of the goals for the client have not been met. Which of the following actions would be best on your part?
- A. Stop working on these goals, as evaluation is the last step.
- B. Assess client's motivation for complying with the care plan.
- C. Reassess problem and then review care plan and revise as needed.
- D. Determine if the client has a knowledge deficit causing nonattainment.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When goals aren't met during evaluation, reassessing the problem and revising the care plan is the best action. This step identifies why outcomes like reduced swelling failed, perhaps due to an outdated intervention, and adjusts accordingly. Stopping assumes evaluation ends the process, ignoring its cyclical nature. Assessing motivation or knowledge deficits might inform revisions but isn't comprehensive without reassessment. This approach ensures care evolves with the client's condition, maintaining relevance and efficacy in the nursing process.
The coronary vessels, unlike any other blood vessels in the body, respond to sympathetic stimulation by
- A. Vasoconstriction
- B. Vasodilatation
- C. Decreases force of contractility
- D. Decreases cardiac output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The coronary vessels are unique because they respond to sympathetic stimulation with vasodilatation, unlike most other blood vessels which constrict. Sympathetic stimulation activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and oxygen demand. To meet this demand, the coronary arteries dilate to supply more blood to the heart muscle. Vasoconstriction (A) is incorrect as it would reduce blood flow, countering the heart's needs during stress. Decreases in force of contractility (C) or cardiac output (D) are unrelated to the vascular response and pertain more to myocardial function, not the coronary vessels' behavior. This vasodilatation is mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors, ensuring adequate perfusion during heightened activity, making B the correct choice.
One of the expectations is for nurses to join professional association primarily because of
- A. Promotes advancement and professional growth among its members
- B. Works for raising funds for nurse's benefit
- C. Facilitate and establishes acquaintances
- D. Assist them and securing jobs abroad
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Professional associations, like the PNA, promote growth e.g., offering training, certifications enhancing skills and standards. Fundraising, networking, or job placement are secondary. This advancement focus, rooted in nursing's professionalization, ensures competence and leadership, critical for career development and patient care quality.