Nokea
Mr. Smith develops signs of increased intracranial pressure. Which of the following medications is likely to be ordered for Mr. Smith?
- A. Mannitol
- B. Insulin
- C. Morphine sulfate
- D. Penicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure.
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What type of diet is recommended for people with seizures or epilepsy?
- A. high carbohydrate diet
- B. fruit-only diet
- C. ketogenic diet
- D. low-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been shown to reduce seizure frequency in some individuals with epilepsy, particularly those who do not respond well to medication. It works by altering the body's metabolism to produce ketones, which may have anticonvulsant effects.
Those reflex actions which involve brain are called:
- A. Stimulus
- B. Cerebral reflexes
- C. Spinal reflexes
- D. Reflex arc
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cerebral reflexes are the correct answer because they involve the brain in processing and responding to stimuli. These reflexes occur in organs connected directly to the brain, such as the eyes and ears, and are more complex than spinal reflexes, which do not require brain involvement.
Which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?
- A. pons
- B. pancreas
- C. parathyroid
- D. pineal gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pons is part of the brainstem and is involved in regulating sleep, respiration, and communication between different parts of the brain. It is not part of the endocrine system, which consists of glands that secrete hormones, such as the pancreas, parathyroid, and pineal gland. The pons plays a role in motor control and sensory processing, but it does not produce hormones.
The part of the brain responsible for coordinating all your movements is the:
- A. cerebrum.
- B. cerebellum.
- C. brain stem.
- D. cranial nerves.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. It receives sensory input from the spinal cord and other parts of the brain to fine-tune motor activities. The cerebellum ensures smooth and precise movements by integrating information about body position and muscle activity. Damage to the cerebellum can result in uncoordinated movements, balance issues, and difficulties with fine motor skills.
During the acute stage of meningitis, a 3-year-old child is restless and irritable. Which of the following would be most appropriate to institute?
- A. Limiting conversation with the child
- B. Keeping extraneous noise to a minimum
- C. Allowing the child to play in the bathtub
- D. Performing treatments quickly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reducing extraneous noise and stimuli is crucial in managing a child with meningitis. The inflammation of the meninges increases sensitivity to light and sound, exacerbating irritability and restlessness. A calm, quiet environment helps minimize discomfort and supports recovery.