Nokea
Neuroblastoma can be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. All the following features are paraneoplastic EXCEPT
- A. uncontrollable jerking movements
- B. cerebellar ataxia and increased body coordination
- C. unilateral ptosis, myosis, and anhidrosis
- D. profound secretory diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased body coordination is not a typical feature of neuroblastoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
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You are explaining the risk of leukemia in children with Down syndrome to medical students; your discussion will include all the following statements EXCEPT
- A. acute leukemia occurs more frequently in children with Down syndrome than in the general population
- B. AML is more common in children with Down syndrome as compared to ALL
- C. children with Down syndrome have a slightly inferior outcome ratio of ALL/AML in general
- D. children with Down syndrome who develop AML demonstrate remarkable sensitivity to antimetabolites
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome often have better outcomes when treated with specific regimens, contrary to this option.
Which characteristics could the nurse expect when observing Mr. Gil? a.Transient ischemic attacks
- A. Remissions & exacerbations
- B. Rapid deterioration of mental functioning because of arteriosclerosis
- C. Slowly progressive deficits in intellect, which may be noted for a long time HEMATOLOGY SITUATION: Aisa, is a 4-year old with severe anemia. She is seen by the nurse in the clinic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The question is asking about the characteristics the nurse might expect to observe in Mr. Gil. Given the information provided, Mr. Gil's possible condition can be related to a slowly progressive deficit in intellect. This might manifest as cognitive decline, memory issues, and other intellectual challenges over an extended period of time. This description aligns with conditions such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease, which are characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities rather than rapid deterioration (as in option B) or transient episodes (as in option A). Therefore, option C is the most likely characteristic the nurse could expect when observing Mr. Gil.
Compartment syndrome is a potential complication of elbow fractures that decreases circulation to local neuromuscular structures. The nurse monitors circulation on a casted elbow because irreversible damage can develop if compartment syndrome lasts for more than:
- A. 48 hours
- B. 2 hours
- C. 12 hours
- D. 24 hours
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that results from increased pressure within a closed anatomical space (compartment), leading to decreased circulation to local neuromuscular structures. In the case of a casted elbow, if compartment syndrome is left untreated and persists for more than 24 hours, irreversible damage can occur. This is due to the compromised blood flow causing tissue ischemia, which can lead to permanent nerve and muscle damage. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor for signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome and intervene promptly to prevent long-term complications.
Nurse Melanie is teaching an adult class about the different types of hepatitis. Which statement does not pertain to hepatitis A?
- A. "Is caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family."
- B. "It spreads primarily by fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of infcetd food or liquids."
- C. "It may not be spread from sexual contact."
- D. "Type A hepatitis occurs worldwide, especially in areas with overcrowding and poor sanitation."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statement A is incorrect because hepatitis A is not caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family. Instead, hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which belongs to the Picornaviridae family. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Additionally, hepatitis A can be transmitted through close personal contact and sexual contact. While hepatitis A occurs worldwide, it is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding.
A child with which of the following diseases may suffer a severe acute reaction to radiotherapy?
- A. Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
- B. Neurofibromatosis
- C. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
- D. Ataxia-telangiectasia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with ataxia-telangiectasia are highly sensitive to radiation and can suffer severe reactions to radiotherapy.