Burns Pediatric Primary Care Test Bank

Burns Pediatric Primary Care Test Bank Related

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Newborns are highly susceptible to infection as a result of:

  • A. excessive levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM).
  • B. diminished nonspecific and specific immunity.
  • C. increased humoral immunity.
  • D. overwhelming anti-inflammatory response.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Newborns are highly susceptible to infection due to their diminished nonspecific and specific immunity. Nonspecific immunity includes physical barriers such as intact skin and mucous membranes, as well as components of the innate immune system like phagocytes and complement proteins. Specific immunity refers to the adaptive immune response involving B and T cells. In newborns, both these arms of the immune system are not fully developed or mature, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Additionally, newborns have lower levels of immunoglobulins like IgA and IgM compared to adults, further contributing to their vulnerability to infections.

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Granulocytic sarcoma masses are commonly seen in which type of the following malignancies?

  • A. neuroblastoma
  • B. rhabdomyosarcoma
  • C. soft tissue sarcoma
  • D. AML
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Granulocytic sarcoma is most commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

A 3-week-old neonate is brought to the emergency department because of a three-day history of intermittent vomiting. His mother reports that he has not urinated for eight hours. On physical examination, his eyes are sunken. Which of the following will MOST likely require correction before surgery is performed?

  • A. Hypochloremia
  • B. Hyperkalemia
  • C. Hypernatremia
  • D. N/A
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypochloremia is often associated with dehydration and metabolic alkalosis, which may need correction before surgery.

Barbiturate anticonvulsants are effective in treating all of these seizure types, except:

  • A. partial seizures.
  • B. febrile seizures.
  • C. tonic-clonic seizures.
  • D. absence seizures.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Barbiturate anticonvulsants are effective in treating partial seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and febrile seizures. However, they are not considered first-line treatment for absence seizures. Absence seizures typically respond better to other anticonvulsant medications such as ethosuximide or valproic acid. Barbiturates have a sedative effect and can cause drowsiness or cognitive impairment, which may not be ideal for managing absence seizures where maintaining alertness and cognitive function is important.

. Which of the following laboratory test results would the nurse expect to find in a client diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

  • A. Thyroxine (T4), 22 ug/dl; triiodothyronine (T3), 320ng/dl; thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • B. (TSH) undetectable
  • C. T4, 22 ug/dl; T3, 200 ng/dl; TSH 0.1 uIU/ml
  • D. T4, 2 ug/dl; t3, 35 ng/dl; TSH 45 uIU/ml
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that results in an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). The key lab findings typically seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis include elevated thyroid antibodies (such as anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies), decreased levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level.

The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a useful surface marker in some malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); it is secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts. In which of the following GCTs this surface marker is characteristically elevated?

  • A. teratoma
  • B. germinoma
  • C. endodermal sinus tumor
  • D. embryonal carcinoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Embryonal carcinoma is strongly associated with elevated beta-HCG levels.

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