Nokea
nnitus describe a decrease in
- A. Mental Retardation
- B. Epilepsy
- C. Hearing
- D. Vision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tinnitus is a perception of noise (e.g., ringing) in the ears, linked to hearing issues.
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The theorist who believes in the collective unconscious is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Jung
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jung introduced the collective unconscious with archetypes.
According the Maslow, the highest level of need is
- A. self-actualization
- B. self-esteem
- C. love and belonging
- D. safety and security
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Needs hierarchies are physiologic, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.
A client diagnosed with depression has reported fatigue and poor concentration. When she is told that the results of her sleep study show that she has excessive REM sleep cycles, the client asks the nurse to explain what those results mean. The nurse best answers the client's concerns by replying:
- A. It means that you are sleep deprived.'
- B. REM sleep stands for rapid eye movement sleep.'
- C. Too much REM sleep deprives you of deep restoring sleep.'
- D. Depressed individuals generally experience prolonged periods of REM sleep.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Too much REM sleep deprives you of deep restoring sleep." This is the best answer because excessive REM sleep can disrupt the normal sleep cycle, leading to a deprivation of deep, restorative sleep stages like slow-wave sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is active, but the body remains mostly immobile. This can result in poor sleep quality and contribute to symptoms of fatigue and poor concentration reported by the client.
Choice A is incorrect because excessive REM sleep does not necessarily mean the client is sleep deprived. Choice B is an oversimplification and does not address the potential negative impact of excessive REM sleep on sleep quality. Choice D is also incorrect because while depressed individuals may have alterations in their sleep patterns, not all depressed individuals experience prolonged periods of REM sleep.
The theorist who believes humans have unconscious motives is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud's psychoanalysis centers on unconscious motives.
When children come to understand that people have thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that are different from their own. This is known as ----
- A. Egocentric theory
- B. Behavioral theory
- C. Cognitive theory
- D. Theory-of-mind
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Theory of mind, emerging around age 4, is the ability to understand others' mental states (Piaget, Vygotsky).