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nresolved conflicts during a psychosexual stage is called
- A. Repression
- B. Fixation
- C. Sublimation
- D. Projection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fixation (Freud) occurs when unresolved conflicts halt development at a psychosexual stage.
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At what age children smiles at faces:
- A. Newborns
- B. 1 months
- C. 2 months
- D. 3 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants begin social smiling at faces around 2 months, reflecting early social engagement.
The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- C. Mycobacterium avium complex
- D. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. This medication combination is effective in preventing this specific infection due to its spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis jiroveci. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not primarily indicated for tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, or Mycobacterium avium complex.
An individual is being admitted for psychiatric treatment. The initial role of the nurse regarding this individual's psychopharmacologic therapy is to:
- A. Gather data to create a baseline assessment that includes a medication history.
- B. Assess the individual's understanding of the therapeutic value of his or her current medications.
- C. Evaluate the effectiveness of the medication regime by focusing on the client's current symptoms.
- D. Begin the admission interview in such a manner that will foster a therapeutic nurse-client relationship.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Gathering data to create a baseline assessment is crucial to understanding the individual's medication history and current status.
2. This baseline assessment helps identify potential interactions, allergies, and previous responses to medications.
3. It allows the nurse to make informed decisions regarding the individual's psychopharmacologic therapy.
4. Assessing understanding (B) and evaluating effectiveness (C) are important but come after establishing the baseline assessment.
5. Building a therapeutic relationship (D) is essential but not the initial step in psychopharmacologic therapy.
To minimize the risk of injury during an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment, the nurse:
- A. Times the seizure so it will not last more than 60 seconds.
- B. Monitors the client's electroencephalogram (EEG) for changes in wave patterns.
- C. Inserts a bite-block into the client's mouth prior to the delivery of the electrical stimulus.
- D. Applies a cuff to the client's ankle to facilitate monitoring of blood pressure during the seizure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inserting a bite-block into the client's mouth prior to the delivery of the electrical stimulus helps prevent the client from biting down on their tongue or injuring their teeth during the seizure. This is crucial for minimizing the risk of injury during ECT treatment.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Timing the seizure to not last more than 60 seconds is not directly related to minimizing the risk of injury during ECT treatment.
B: Monitoring the client's EEG for changes in wave patterns is important for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment but does not directly minimize the risk of injury.
D: Applying a cuff to the client's ankle for blood pressure monitoring is important for general monitoring but does not directly address the risk of injury during the seizure.
Crises occur when an individual:
- A. Is exposed to a precipitating stressor
- B. Perceives a stressor to be threatening
- C. Has no support systems
- D. Experiences a stressor and perceives coping strategies to be ineffective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because crises arise when an individual experiences a stressor and perceives their coping strategies to be ineffective. This is supported by the fact that crises involve a sense of overwhelm and inability to manage the situation effectively. Choices A and B focus on the presence and perception of stressors, but without considering the effectiveness of coping strategies. Choice C, lack of support systems, is not the defining factor in determining a crisis; it is the individual's perception of their ability to cope that leads to a crisis. Therefore, D is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the individual's ability to handle the stressor effectively.