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Nurse Carlos teaches a community adult class about the common symptoms of tuberculosis. Which of the following should Nurse Carlos include?
- A. weight loss
- B. dyspnea on exertion
- C. increased appetite
- D. mental status changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurse Carlos should include weight loss as one of the common symptoms of tuberculosis. Unintentional weight loss is a classic symptom seen in individuals with active tuberculosis infection. This weight loss is often accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and fatigue. It is important for Nurse Carlos to educate the community about this symptom as it can be a key indicator for seeking medical evaluation and treatment for tuberculosis. Dyspnea on exertion, increased appetite, and mental status changes are not typically common symptoms associated with tuberculosis.
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A 5-year-old child, recently diagnosed with ileocecal Burkitt lymphoma; lab investigations reveal: serum uric acid 12 mg/dl, serum sodium, 145 meq/dl; serum potassium, 4.5 meq/dl; serum phosphate 4.4 meq/dl; serum calcium, 8.9 mg/dl; blood urea, 22 mg/dl; serum creatinine, 0.8 mg/dl. Of the following, the MOST effective treatment is
- A. excessive hydration
- B. sodium bicarbonate
- C. xanthine oxidase inhibitor
- D. recombinant urate oxidase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Recombinant urate oxidase (rasburicase) effectively lowers uric acid levels in cases of tumor lysis syndrome.
When testing visual fields, the nurse is assessing which of the following parts of vision?
- A. Peripheral vision
- B. Distance vision
- C. Near vision
- D. Central vision
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When testing visual fields, the nurse is assessing the peripheral vision. Peripheral vision refers to the outer area of the visual field, away from the center of gaze. It allows individuals to detect objects, movement, and stimuli in their surroundings without needing to focus directly on them. Testing peripheral vision is important for detecting potential visual field deficits that can impede daily activities and safety, such as driving or navigating crowded spaces. By assessing the peripheral vision, healthcare professionals can identify any limitations or abnormalities that may require further evaluation or intervention.
Orchitis and sterility in male result as serious complication of
- A. rubella
- B. measles
- C. mumps
- D. diphtheria 126
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orchitis refers to the inflammation of the testicles, which can occur as a complication of mumps infection in males. Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus, and one of the common complications of mumps in males is orchitis. Orchitis can lead to testicular damage and potentially result in sterility if both testicles are affected. It is essential for males to receive the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine to prevent mumps infection and its associated complications, including orchitis and sterility.
A nurse is caring for four patients; three are toddlers and one is a preschooler. Which represents the major stressor of hospitalization for these four patients?
- A. Separation anxiety
- B. Loss of control
- C. Fear of bodily injury
- D. Fear of pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Separation anxiety is the major stressor of hospitalization for these young patients. Toddlers and preschoolers are at a critical stage of development where they are developing close attachments to their primary caregivers. Being separated from their parents or primary caregivers when admitted to the hospital can lead to feelings of fear, distress, and insecurity. This separation can significantly impact their emotional well-being and overall hospital experience. Loss of control, fear of bodily injury, and fear of pain are also stressors associated with hospitalization, but separation anxiety is the primary concern for these young patients due to their developmental stage.
The nurse must check vital signs on a 2-year-old boy who is brought to the clinic for his 24- month checkup. What criteria should the nurse use in determining the appropriate-size blood pressure cuff? (Select all that apply.)
- A. The cuff is labeled "toddler."
- B. The cuff bladder width is approximately 40% of the circumference of the upper arm.
- C. The cuff bladder length covers 80% to 100% of the circumference of the upper arm.
- D. The cuff bladder covers 50% to 66% of the length of the upper arm.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a 2-year-old boy, the nurse should consider the following criteria in determining the appropriate-size blood pressure cuff: