Pediatric Research Questions

Pediatric Research Questions Related

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A male client recently underwent a surgical procedure for a malignant tumor. As a result of the surgery, his urine is diverted to a stomal pouch. What should the nurse suggest so that he remains odor free.

  • A. Eating spicy foods
  • B. Drinking cranberry juice
  • C. Eating eggs, asparagus, or cheese
  • D. Drinking tea, coffee and colas
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Drinking cranberry juice can help decrease the odor of urine due to its acidic nature. The acid in cranberry juice can help neutralize odors in the urine, making it less noticeable. In contrast, consuming spicy foods (choice A) can actually increase the odor of urine. Similarly, choices C and D (eating eggs, asparagus, or cheese; drinking tea, coffee, and colas) can contribute to stronger-smelling urine due to the compounds they contain. Therefore, recommending cranberry juice to the male client with a stomal pouch is the most appropriate choice to help him remain odor-free.

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The parent of a 3-year-old with suspected Wilms tumor says, 'How could I have missed a lump this big?' Which is the best response?

  • A. Don't be hard on yourself; it's easy to miss something growing slowly.
  • B. I understand you're upset; earlier detection might have improved prognosis.
  • C. It takes a trained professional to notice such a lump.
  • D. This tumor grows rapidly and may not have been noticeable just a few days ago.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Wilms tumor can grow very quickly, so a lump that was not evident previously may become noticeable in a short period.

A 16-year-old discusses his recent diagnosis of lupus with the nurse. Which statement best describes adolescent thinking regarding the future?

  • A. Adolescents are preoccupied with the present.
  • B. Adolescents are beginning to think abstractly and consider future possibilities.
  • C. Adolescents think only in concrete terms.
  • D. Adolescents are overly concerned with past events.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During adolescence, abstract thinking develops, allowing teens to envision future possibilities.

A 5-year old boy presents with afebrile generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting for 5 minutes. Previously he was healthy and had no such problem. On examination there is no abnormality. Your plan of management should be:

  • A. Start anticonvulsant therapy
  • B. Request for an EEG and wait for its report
  • C. Request for an EEG and start anticonvulsant therapy immediately
  • D. Request for EEG and MRI brain
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a first-time generalized seizure, an immediate EEG and starting anticonvulsant therapy is prudent to prevent recurrence, especially if the EEG shows epileptiform activity.

A 2-mo-old male infant has a left flank mass discovered incidentally by the mother; radiological imaging reveals a left renal mass. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

  • A. nephroblastoma
  • B. neuroblastoma
  • C. mesoblastic nephroma
  • D. clear cell sarcoma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) is the most common renal malignancy in infants.

The nurse has just started assessing a young child who is febrile and appears very ill. There is hyperextension of the child's head (opisthotonos) with pain on flexion. Which is the most appropriate action?

  • A. Refer for immediate medical evaluation.
  • B. Continue assessment to determine cause of neck pain.
  • C. Ask parent when neck was injured.
  • D. Record "head lag" on assessment record, and continue assessment of child.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Referring the child for immediate medical evaluation is the most appropriate action in this scenario. The symptoms described, including hyperextension of the head (opisthotonos) with pain on flexion, are concerning for meningitis, a serious infection that can rapidly progress and lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Seeking immediate medical intervention is crucial to assess and manage the child's condition effectively. Continuing with the assessment or asking about a neck injury is not recommended as the priority is to address the potential medical emergency. Recording the "head lag" without taking immediate action could delay necessary medical treatment.

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