Nokea
Nurse Jones decides to tell the client of his terminal status because she believes it is her duty to do so. Which of the following ethical theories is considered in this decision?
- A. Natural law theories
- B. Ethical egoism
- C. Kantianism
- D. Utilitarianism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurse Jones acts out of a sense of duty, which reflects Kantianism's focus on moral obligations and duty-based ethics, aligning with option c.
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Which statement describes the basis of an ethical dilemma?
- A. It's so difficult when the client doesn't agree with the treatment team.'
- B. The client insists on behaving in a manner that will likely cause him injury.'
- C. It's difficult to determine who makes decisions for an incompetent client without a medical surrogate.'
- D. There are only two treatment choices; both are very painful and neither has a high rate of success.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct:
1. An ethical dilemma involves a situation where there is a conflict between two morally acceptable choices.
2. In this scenario, the dilemma is presented as having only two treatment choices which are both painful and have low success rates.
3. The basis of an ethical dilemma is the difficulty in making a decision when faced with two undesirable options.
4. Therefore, option D accurately describes the essence of an ethical dilemma.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A. Focuses on client-team disagreement, not a true ethical dilemma.
B. Describes a situation of potential harm but not a conflict between two morally acceptable choices.
C. Discusses decision-making for an incompetent client, which is a different ethical issue than presented in the question.
The treatment team plans care for a person diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and cannabis abuse. The person has recently used cannabis daily and is experiencing increased hallucinations and delusions. Which principle applies to care planning?
- A. Consider each diagnosis primary and provide simultaneous treatment.
- B. The person will benefit from treatment in a residential treatment facility.
- C. Withdraw the person from cannabis, and then treat the symptoms of schizophrenia.
- D. Treat the schizophrenia first, and then establish the goals for the treatment of substance abuse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Dual diagnosis: Simultaneous treatment is crucial as both conditions impact each other.
2. Cannabis withdrawal may worsen schizophrenia symptoms, so treating both concurrently is essential.
3. Addressing both diagnoses concurrently increases treatment effectiveness.
4. Residential treatment may not be necessary at this stage without considering simultaneous treatment.
Summary:
B: Residential treatment may not be needed immediately; focus on simultaneous treatment.
C: Withdrawal may worsen schizophrenia symptoms; treating both conditions concurrently is preferable.
D: Treating schizophrenia first may not address the immediate exacerbation of symptoms due to cannabis use.
Which of the following Hispanic groups have the highest prevalence and mortality rates of asthma compared to the others?
- A. Mexican Americans
- B. Dominican Americans
- C. Puerto Rican Americans
- D. Cuban Americans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Puerto Rican Americans show the highest asthma burden among Hispanics.
The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- C. Mycobacterium avium complex
- D. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. This medication combination is effective in preventing this specific infection due to its spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis jiroveci. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not primarily indicated for tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, or Mycobacterium avium complex.
Emphasized the importance of curriculum
- A. Maria Montessori
- B. Margaret
- C. McMillan
- D. Katherine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Montessori's structured curriculum was central to her method.