Nokea
Nurse Kara is giving instructions to an elderly client on diabetic foot care. Which teaching is not part of foot care?
- A. wear comfortable shoes that fit well and protect your feet
- B. trim your toenails straight across and file edges with emery board
- C. wash your feet in hot water to keep feet soft
- D. wear shoes at the beach or on hot pavement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Washing your feet in hot water is not recommended as it can actually worsen diabetic foot conditions. Hot water can lead to burns and damage the skin, especially for individuals with reduced sensation in their feet due to diabetes. It is advised to wash feet in warm water instead, avoiding hot temperatures to prevent injuries and complications. The other options provide important aspects of diabetic foot care such as wearing appropriate shoes, trimming toenails carefully, and being mindful of footwear choices to protect the feet.
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What is oral candidiasis (thrush) in the newborn?
- A. Bacterial infection that is life threatening in the neonatal period
- B. Bacterial infection of mucous membranes that responds readily to treatment
- C. Yeastlike fungal infection of mucous membranes that is relatively common
- D. Benign disorder that is transmitted from mother to newborn during the birth process only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oral candidiasis, also known as thrush, is a yeastlike fungal infection of the mucous membranes in the mouth. It is relatively common in newborns, as their immune systems are still developing and can be easily affected by the overgrowth of Candida fungi. Thrush can present as white patches or plaques on the tongue, gums, or inner cheeks. It is important to treat oral thrush to prevent any discomfort for the newborn and potential complications such as difficulty feeding or spreading of the infection.
Which is an important nursing consideration when caring for an infant with failure to thrive?
- A. Establish a structured routine and follow it consistently.
- B. Maintain a nondistracting environment by not speaking to child during feeding.
- C. Place child in an infant seat during feedings to prevent overstimulation.
- D. Limit sensory stimulation and play activities to alleviate fatigue.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Establishing a structured routine and following it consistently is an important nursing consideration when caring for an infant with failure to thrive. Infants with failure to thrive often struggle with feeding, growth, and development. By providing a structured routine, you can create a predictable environment that can help promote the infant's overall well-being. Consistency in feeding times, nap times, and play times can help establish a sense of security and stability for the infant. This routine can also support proper feeding patterns, which are essential for addressing the infant's nutrition needs and promoting growth and development.
Immunity to a disease after recovery is possible because the first exposure to the pathogen has stimulated the formation of which of the following?
- A. Antigens
- B. Complement
- C. Memory cells
- D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunity to a disease after recovery is possible because the first exposure to the pathogen has stimulated the formation of memory cells. Memory cells are a type of immune cell that "remembers" the specific pathogen encountered during the initial infection. When the same pathogen tries to infect the individual again, these memory cells quickly recognize the pathogen and mount a faster and stronger immune response, leading to a quicker recovery and preventing the person from getting sick again from the same pathogen. This immune memory is the basis of acquired immunity, providing long-lasting protection against future infections by the same pathogen.
You are discussing physical child abuse with medical students; you state that fractures are common presentation and those that should raise suspicion for abuse include fractures that are unexplained, occurring in young, non-ambulatory children, or involve multiple bones. Of the following, the site of the fracture that is LESS specific for abuse is
- A. rib
- B. scapula
- C. skull
- D. vertebra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fractures of the vertebrae are less specific for abuse compared to other sites like ribs, scapula, or skull, which are more characteristic of inflicted trauma.
A parent has asked the nurse about how her child can be tested for pinworms. The nurse responds by stating that which is the most common test for diagnosing pinworms in a child?
- A. Lower gastrointestinal (GI) series
- B. Three stool specimens, at intervals of 4 days
- C. Observation for presence of worms after child defecates
- D. Laboratory examination of a fecal smear
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common test for diagnosing pinworms in a child is a laboratory examination of a fecal smear. This involves taking a sample of the child's feces and examining it under a microscope to look for pinworm eggs or actual adult worms. This test is more reliable and accurate compared to other methods for detecting pinworms. It is important to collect the sample in the morning before the child has a bowel movement or bath, as this increases the chances of finding the eggs.