Nokea
Nurse Lyca is aware that testing of vision in infants and children has been treated separately from the testing of adult. which of the statement is NOT true?
- A. Infants and children often cannot be tested with the same materials and techniques as adults.
- B. Special techniques often must be used, especially to test infants and preschoolers, that cannot be held to the same standards that apply to tests for adults
- C. Some infants who appear visually impaired early in life wil1 not Show normal visual responses several weeks or months later
- D. Course of visual and cognitive development must be taken into account in evaluating infants and children's visual abilities
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: All of the statements (A-D) are true when discussing the testing of vision in infants and children separately from testing in adults. However, statement E is NOT true. The course of visual and cognitive development MUST be taken into account in evaluating infants and children's visual abilities. It is crucial to consider the stage of development a child is in when evaluating their vision, as their visual abilities can change rapidly during early childhood. Ignoring the course of development could lead to incorrect assessments and misunderstandings about the child's visual capabilities.
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A patient presents with episodic throbbing headache associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Symptoms are often preceded by an aura. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Migraine headache
- B. Cluster headache
- C. Tension-type headache
- D. Chronic daily headache
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's presentation of episodic throbbing headache associated with nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and aura suggests a diagnosis of migraine headache. Migraines are a common neurological condition characterized by recurrent moderate to severe headaches that are often unilateral, pulsating, and aggravated by physical activity. The presence of premonitory symptoms (aura) before the headache is a key feature commonly seen in migraines. Additionally, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound are also common features associated with migraines.
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low-phosphorus diet. Which dietary choice indicates understanding of the prescribed diet?
- A. Grilled chicken breast
- B. Cheese omelet
- C. Whole wheat toast with peanut butter
- D. Spinach salad with almonds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grilled chicken breast is a suitable choice for a low-phosphorus diet because poultry is typically lower in phosphorus compared to dairy products (like cheese), nuts (like almonds), and whole grains (like wheat toast). This option indicates an understanding of the need to restrict phosphorus intake, which is important for individuals with chronic kidney disease to prevent complications.
Based on the 2017 demography report (July 2016 estimate), the Philippine population has reached:
- A. 140 million
- B. 102 million
- C. 120 million
- D. 85 million
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to the 2017 demography report based on the July 2016 estimate, the Philippine population was approximately 102 million. This data is derived from official census data and estimates made by the Philippine Statistics Authority. As of that time, the country's population had not reached 140 million, 120 million, or 85 million as the other options suggest.
A patient is prescribed a loop diuretic for the management of edema. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretic therapy?
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are potent diuretics commonly used to manage conditions like edema, heart failure, and hypertension. Loop diuretics work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidney, leading to increased diuresis. However, this mechanism of action can also lead to increased excretion of other electrolytes, such as magnesium.
Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of saliva, which aids in lubricating the oral cavity and initiating the digestion of carbohydrates?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Salivary glands
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The salivary glands are responsible for the production of saliva, which aids in lubricating the oral cavity and initiating the digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestive process by breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars. The liver is involved in the production of bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, which is released into the small intestine. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.