Nokea
Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to:
- A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
- B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client's clinical condition.
- C. Assess the client's point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view.
- D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The practice of advocacy in nursing involves assessing the client's point of view and preparing to articulate this viewpoint. Advocacy requires that nurses actively listen to their patients, understand their perspectives, and ensure that their needs and wishes are communicated effectively within the healthcare team. By advocating for the client's point of view, nurses can help empower their patients to make informed decisions about their care and ensure that their best interests are always prioritized.
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Nursing programs that are based on needs assessment and needs analysis and should ne offered free is which of the following?
- A. Continuing Development Program
- B. In-service Training Program
- C. Nursing Education Program
- D. Post-graduate program
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing programs that are based on needs assessment and needs analysis are meant to provide education and training to current or aspiring nurses according to specific needs within the healthcare system. These programs are usually foundational education programs that are essential for producing competent and skilled nurses. Offering such programs for free ensures that individuals with a passion for nursing but limited financial resources can access quality education and training opportunities. This helps in bridging the gap in the healthcare workforce and ultimately contributes to the overall health and well-being of the population.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth, often caused by poor oral hygiene?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Periodontitis is the dental condition characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth. It is typically caused by poor oral hygiene practices, leading to plaque buildup and eventually gum disease. If left untreated, periodontitis can cause serious damage to the gum tissue and the underlying bones supporting the teeth, which can eventually result in tooth loss. Regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene habits, and professional cleanings are important for preventing and managing periodontitis.
A patient presents with sudden-onset severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and inability to pass urine. On physical examination, there is suprapubic tenderness and a palpable bladder. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Acute pyelonephritis
- B. Acute urinary retention
- C. Renal colic
- D. Bladder cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's presentation with sudden-onset severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, inability to pass urine, suprapubic tenderness, and a palpable bladder is classic for acute urinary retention. Acute urinary retention is a urological emergency characterized by the sudden inability to pass urine due to the inability to empty the bladder completely. The palpable bladder on physical examination indicates significant bladder distension. This condition can be caused by multiple factors such as bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic causes, or medications affecting bladder function. Prompt intervention is necessary to relieve the bladder distension, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications like bladder rupture.
Ella's feeling of joining lory in heaven is a manifestation of:
- A. Suicidal intent
- B. Paranoia
- C. Suicidal threat
- D. Suicidal ideation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ella's feeling of joining Lory in heaven is best categorized as suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts or fantasies about dying, including thoughts of one's own death or thoughts of wanting to harm oneself. In this scenario, Ella is not explicitly expressing any immediate intent to harm herself or others, nor is she exhibiting paranoia or making a direct threat. Instead, her mention of joining Lory in heaven suggests that she is contemplating the idea of death, which falls under the category of suicidal ideation. It is essential to take such thoughts seriously and seek appropriate help and support for the individual experiencing them.
When a patient is diagnosed to have pneumonia, the breath sounds detected by the nurse on auscultation of the affected area would be ______.
- A. wheezing sounds
- B. fine crackles
- C. stridor
- D. deep and low-pitched breath sounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, the breath sounds detected by the nurse on auscultation of the affected area would typically include fine crackles. Fine crackles are discontinuous, high-pitched crackling or rattling sounds heard during inspiration that indicate the presence of fluid in the small airways or alveoli. These crackles are caused by the movement of secretions or exudate within the bronchioles or alveoli, which is a common characteristic of pneumonia. Wheezing sounds are usually associated with conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, or COPD and are caused by narrowed airways. Stridor is a high-pitched, crowing sound that typically indicates an obstruction in the upper airway and is often heard in cases of laryngeal inflammation or foreign body aspiration. Deep and low-pitched breath sounds are more characteristic of conditions like chronic bronchitis.