Nokea
Obesity in childhood:
- A. Is usually associated with hypogonadism
- B. Is unlikely to lead to adult obesity
- C. Is more common in families in Social Class I than in Social Class V
- D. Can lead to overestimation of the dose of intravenous fluids when these are required
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Childhood obesity is more common in higher social classes. It is not typically associated with hypogonadism and can lead to adult obesity. Overestimation of fluid doses is not a recognized issue.
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Recognised causes of delayed speech include:
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. PKU
- C. Cystinuria
- D. Twins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is a known cause of delayed speech. PKU and deafness can also cause speech delays, but cystinuria is not associated with speech delay.
What finding would the nurse expect when measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta?
- A. Blood pressure higher on the right side
- B. Blood pressure higher on the left side
- C. Blood pressure lower in the arms than in the legs
- D. Blood pressure lower in the legs than in the arms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The characteristic symptoms of coarctation of the aorta are a marked difference in blood pressure and pulses between the upper and lower extremities. Pressure is increased proximal to the defect and decreased distal to the coarctation.
The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old girl whose parents indicate she has developed spastic movements of her extremities and trunk, facial grimace, and speech disturbances. They state it seems worse when she is anxious and does not occur while sleeping. The nurse questions the parents about which recent illness?
- A. Kawasaki disease (KD)
- B. Strep throat
- C. Malignant hypertension
- D. Atrial fibrillation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chorea (spastic movements, facial grimacing, and speech disturbances) can be a manifestation of rheumatic fever following streptococcal pharyngitis, with a higher incidence in females.
All of the following are true regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), except
- A. Dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and dopamine 4 receptor gene (DRD4) are implicated in the diagnosis
- B. Impaired fine motor movement and poor coordination are 'soft' but specific signs of ADHD
- C. Developmentally inappropriate behavior must commence before 7 years of age and present for at least 6 months
- D. Maternal lead exposure is associated with ADHD
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Impaired fine motor movement and poor coordination are not specific signs of ADHD; they are nonspecific and can occur in other conditions.
Recognised causes of stroke in children include:
- A. Sickle cell disease
- B. Cystinuria
- C. SLE
- D. Left-to-right shunts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sickle cell disease can cause stroke in children due to the sickled cells blocking blood flow to the brain.