Nokea
Of the following, the WORST prognostic factor in pediatric osteosarcoma is
- A. primary pelvic bone tumor
- B. poor histologic response to treatment
- C. bony metastases at the time of diagnosis
- D. lung metastases at the time of diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Poor histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a strong predictor of poor prognosis.
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all the following are major signs of DM except :
- A. polydipsia
- B. hypernatremia
- C. polyphagia
- D. hyporeflexia and bradycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyporeflexia (reduced deep tendon reflexes) and bradycardia (slow heart rate) are not typical signs of diabetes mellitus (DM). The major signs of DM are the classic "3 Ps": polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urination), and polyphagia (excessive hunger). These symptoms are usually due to elevated blood glucose levels leading to increased thirst, frequent urination, and hunger. Additionally, unexplained weight loss can also be a common symptom of DM. Other complications related to DM, such as neuropathy, can lead to issues like hyporeflexia, but they are not considered major signs of DM itself.
When a patient participates in a research study, the pediatric nurse's primary concern is to ensure that the:
- A. parent or guardian has given verbal consent for the patient's participation.
- B. quality of care that the patient receives will not be affected if the patient chooses to withdraw from the study.
- C. research meets the developmental needs of the patient.
- D. research will directly benefit the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring that the quality of care remains unaffected regardless of the patient's participation status is paramount to ethical research practices.
Assume you are evaluating the specificity of the indirect fluorescence antibody test for rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis. The number of normal persons tested is 150 and the test is positive in 30 persons. The specificity of this test is
- A. 20%
- B. 40%
- C. 60%
- D. 80%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Specificity = (True negatives / Total normals) * 100 = [(150 - 30) / 150] * 100 = 80%.
For most children with enuresis, the only test recommended is
- A. blood sugar
- B. serum electrolytes
- C. urinalysis
- D. abdominal sonography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinalysis is the standard initial test for evaluating enuresis to rule out urinary tract infections or other conditions.
What is an important consideration for the nurse who is communicating with a very young child?
- A. Speak loudly, clearly, and directly.
- B. Use transition objects, such as a doll.
- C. Disguise own feelings, attitudes, and anxiety.
- D. Initiate contact with child when parent is not present.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When communicating with a very young child, using transition objects, such as a doll, can help create a sense of familiarity, comfort, and security. These objects can serve as a bridge for the child to express themselves and can also provide a point of reference for the nurse to better understand the child's perspective. Additionally, transition objects can help the child feel more at ease during interactions with healthcare providers, making the communication process smoother and more effective.