Nokea
When caring for an anxious patient with dyspnea, which of the ff. nursing actions is most helpful to include in the plan of care to relieve anxiety?
- A. Increasing activity levels
- B. Pulling the privacy curtain
- C. Staying at patient's bedside
- D. Closing the patient's door
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One of the most helpful nursing actions to include in the plan of care to relieve anxiety in an anxious patient with dyspnea is to stay at the patient's bedside. By providing constant presence and reassurance, the nurse can help the patient feel supported and safe. This proactive approach can also help the nurse monitor the patient's condition closely and provide timely interventions as needed. Additionally, staying at the bedside allows the nurse to establish trust and communication with the patient, which is essential in managing anxiety and providing effective care.
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Of the following, the WORST prognostic factor in pediatric osteosarcoma is
- A. primary pelvic bone tumor
- B. poor histologic response to treatment
- C. bony metastases at the time of diagnosis
- D. lung metastases at the time of diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Poor histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a strong predictor of poor prognosis.
The nurse is conducting an assessment on a school-age child with urosepsis. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect?
- A. Fever with a positive blood culture
- B. Proteinuria and edema
- C. Oliguria and hypertension
- D. Anemia and thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a school-age child with urosepsis, the nurse should expect the assessment finding of fever with a positive blood culture. Urosepsis is a severe infection in the urinary tract that has spread to the bloodstream, causing systemic symptoms such as fever. Positive blood cultures indicate the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, confirming the diagnosis of sepsis. Other common symptoms of urosepsis may include chills, rapid heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and altered mental status. Proteinuria and edema (choice B) are more indicative of kidney disorders such as nephrotic syndrome rather than urosepsis. Oliguria and hypertension (choice C) may be seen in conditions like acute kidney injury but are not specific to urosepsis. Anemia and thrombocytopenia (choice D) are more characteristic of conditions such as hemolytic uremic syndrome rather than urosepsis.
Which is an important consideration when the nurse is discussing enuresis with the parents of a young child?
- A. Enuresis is more common in girls than in boys.
- B. Enuresis is neither inherited nor has a familial tendency.
- C. Organic causes that may be related to enuresis should be considered first.
- D. Psychogenic factors that cause enuresis persist into adulthood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An important consideration when the nurse is discussing enuresis with the parents of a young child is that organic causes related to enuresis should be considered first. Enuresis, or bedwetting, can have various causes including physical issues like urinary tract infections, constipation, or structural abnormalities. It is essential to rule out any underlying medical conditions before addressing behavioral or psychological factors. By focusing on organic causes first, healthcare providers can ensure that the child receives appropriate evaluation and treatment, leading to better outcomes.
A 12-year-old male has short stature because of a constitutional growth delay. What should the nurse be the most concerned about?
- A. Proper administration of thyroid hormone
- B. Proper administration of human growth hormones
- C. Child's self-esteem and sense of competence
- D. Helping child understand that his height is most likely caused by chronic illness and is not his fault
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should be most concerned about the child's self-esteem and sense of competence. A 12-year-old male with short stature due to a constitutional growth delay may experience feelings of inadequacy or embarrassment because of his height. It is important for the nurse to address these emotional aspects of the condition and support the child in developing a positive self-image. By promoting the child's self-esteem and sense of competence, the nurse can help the child navigate any challenges associated with his height and build confidence in his abilities and worth as an individual.
A nurse is doing an assessment on a newborn. Which is characteristic of a newborn's vision at birth and an expected finding during the assessment?
- A. Ciliary muscles are mature.
- B. Blink reflex is absent.
- C. Tear glands function.
- D. Pupils react to light.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At birth, a newborn's vision is not fully developed. However, one of the characteristics of a newborn's vision is that their pupils are able to react to light. This response helps to protect the newborn's developing eyes from excessive light exposure. During a newborn assessment, it is expected that the nurse will observe the pupil constriction in response to a bright light source, indicating a normal functioning of the pupillary reflex. This physiological response is vital for assessing the newborn's neurological integrity and visual function.