Nokea
Of the following, which organ does food NOT pass through?
- A. pancreas
- B. stomach
- C. mouth
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food does not pass through the pancreas; it produces digestive enzymes that aid digestion.
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A 55-year-old male presents with a history of recurring episodes of gastric pain, particularly after meals. He describes the pain as a burning sensation in the upper abdomen, which improves with antiacid use. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reveals erosions in the duodenal mucosa. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Gastric ulcer
- B. Duodenal ulcer
- C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- D. Gastric adenocarcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Duodenal ulcers typically present with burning epigastric pain after meals, relieved by antacids, and are associated with mucosal erosions in the duodenum, as seen on endoscopy.
Using the figure shown, indicate where on the abdomen the nurse should palpate to examine a client's liver for size and tenderness.
- A. Right upper quadrant
- B. Left upper quadrant
- C. Right lower quadrant
- D. Left lower quadrant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The liver is located primarily in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Which part(s) of the esophagus necessitate(s) input from the central nervous system to orchestrate peristalsis?
- A. The upper third
- B. The middle third
- C. The lower third
- D. The upper and middle portions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The upper third of the esophagus, with striated muscle, requires CNS input (via the vagus nerve) for primary peristalsis.
Match: Bile
- A. breaks fat into smaller droplets
- B. digests carbohydrates
- C. absorbs vitamins
- D. neutralizes stomach acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets to facilitate digestion by lipases.
What is frenulum?
- A. It is the fold by which tongue is attached to the floor of oral cavity.
- B. It is uvula is present on pharyngeal wall
- C. It is a tonsil like structure on the lateral walls of palate
- D. It is V-shaped furrow which divides the surfaces of tongue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The frenulum is a fold of tissue that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth.