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On assessment of a patient’s learning needs, the nurse determines that a patient taking potassium-wasting diuretics does not know what foods are high in potassium. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Risk for cardiac dysrhythmias related to low potassium intake
- B. Deficient knowledge related to not knowing what foods are high in potassium
- C. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to lack of intake of potassium-rich foods
- D. Deficient knowledge related to lack of interest regarding dietary requirements when taking diuretics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Deficient knowledge related to not knowing what foods are high in potassium.' This nursing diagnosis directly addresses the identified learning need. While other options may be indirectly relevant, the primary issue here is the patient's lack of knowledge about potassium-rich foods.
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What is the primary treatment for a corneal abrasion?
- A. Patch the eye
- B. Topical antibiotics
- C. Surgical repair
- D. Analgesics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical antibiotics prevent infection while the cornea heals naturally.
A patient is receiving discharge instructions after experiencing a stroke. Which instruction is most important for preventing another stroke?
- A. Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly.
- B. Engage in physical therapy exercises.
- C. Follow a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
- D. Attend regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly. This is the most important instruction for preventing another stroke because hypertension is a major risk factor for strokes. By controlling blood pressure with antihypertensive medications, the patient can significantly reduce the risk of another stroke. Engaging in physical therapy exercises (choice B) can be beneficial for overall recovery but is not as critical for stroke prevention as managing blood pressure. Following a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (choice C) is important for heart health but not the most crucial for stroke prevention. Attending regular follow-up appointments (choice D) is essential for monitoring progress and adjusting treatment but does not directly prevent another stroke like managing hypertension does.
What should the nurse instruct Mr. Ross to withhold food and fluid for several hours until after fiberoptic bronchoscopy?
- A. Sputum returns to normal color and consistency
- B. Speech returns to the normal pattern
- C. Vital signs become stable
- D. Cough reflex is present
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A functioning cough reflex prevents aspiration.
The purpose of a peripheral iridectomy procedure is to
- A. permit drainage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber
- B. promote the formation of permanent anterior synechiae with the cornea
- C. promote the formation of permanent posterior synechiae with the lens
- D. gain access to the lens for easy removal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A peripheral iridectomy creates an opening to allow aqueous humor to drain properly, relieving intraocular pressure associated with narrow-angle glaucoma.
Cultural safety describes care that prevents cultural imposition. The nurse must be aware of and include the knowledge of which factors in providing safe cultural care for the patient?
- A. Values
- B. Culture
- C. Ethnicity
- D. Stereotyping
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Factors like values, culture, ethnicity, acculturation, and avoiding stereotyping or ethnocentrism help ensure culturally safe care.