Nokea
On what understanding does the nurse plan the care of a child with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- A. There is an absolute deficiency of insulin.
- B. Insufficient quantities of insulin are produced by the pancreas.
- C. Oral hypoglycemic agents can control it.
- D. Insulin deficiency is caused by another disease affecting the pancreas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by an absolute or complete deficiency of insulin.
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Although the child with type 1 diabetes had her prescribed insulin at 7:30 AM, the child is complaining of hunger and thirst and is drowsy at 10:30 AM. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Walk the patient in the hall for 10 minutes.
- B. Allow the patient a short nap.
- C. Give her a cup of orange juice.
- D. Test her blood with a glucometer and give insulin according to the sliding scale.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The immediate remedy is to give orange juice to raise the blood glucose, addressing symptoms of hypoglycemia.
The nurse discussed treatment of hypoglycemia with an adolescent. Which statement by the adolescent leads the nurse to determine the patient understood the instructions?
- A. When my blood glucose is low or if I begin to feel hungry and weak, I will eat six LifeSavers.'
- B. When my blood glucose is low or if I begin to feel hungry and weak, I will give myself Lispro insulin.'
- C. When my blood glucose is low or if I begin to feel hungry and weak, I will have a slice of cheese.'
- D. When my blood glucose is low or if I begin to feel hungry and weak, I will drink a diet soda.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The immediate treatment of hypoglycemia involves consuming a quick source of sugar, such as hard candy like LifeSavers.
The nurse reminds the parents of a diabetic with an insulin pump that the tubing of the pump should be changed aseptically every hours.
Correct Answer: 48
Rationale: The tubing of the insulin pump should be changed every 48 hours to prevent infection.
What statement by a parent leads the nurse to determine a parent is administering levothyroxine (Synthroid) correctly?
- A. I stopped giving the medication because my daughter was losing her hair.'
- B. I am using a different brand now because it costs less money.'
- C. I don't give the medication on the weekends.'
- D. I give the medication at 8:00 AM every day.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Synthroid should be given at the same time each day, preferably in the morning, for consistent therapeutic effect.
Which comment made by a school-age child indicates that he needs more teaching about diabetes mellitus and exercise?
- A. I carry a piece of hard candy with me in case I start to feel shaky.'
- B. I make sure I have emergency money when I have soccer practice or a game.'
- C. Sometimes I skip my breakfast when I have a game in the morning.'
- D. I play in soccer games that are scheduled after dinner.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skipping a meal before exercise increases the risk of hypoglycemia in a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus.