Nokea
On which day of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle does ovulation typically occur?
- A. Day 7
- B. Day 14
- C. Day 21
- D. Day 24
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Day 14. Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a female's menstrual cycle. This is because ovulation is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) which usually happens midway through the cycle. Ovulation marks the release of an egg from the ovary, making conception possible. Days 7, 21, and 24 are not typically associated with ovulation as they are either too early or too late in the menstrual cycle for the surge in LH to occur. It is important to note that the timing of ovulation can vary among individuals and cycles, but day 14 is considered the average for a 28-day menstrual cycle.
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The testosterone secretion is controlled by:
- A. the FSH;
- B. the LH;
- C. the corticoadrenal;
- D. the negative feedback of posterior pituitary;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: LH (luteinizing hormone) is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a key role in stimulating the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone.
Step 2: Testosterone secretion is directly controlled by the LH through this stimulation.
Step 3: FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is involved in sperm production, not testosterone secretion.
Step 4: Corticoadrenal hormones are related to stress response, not testosterone regulation.
Step 5: Negative feedback from the posterior pituitary does not directly control testosterone secretion.
Therefore, the correct answer is B (the LH) as it directly influences testosterone production.
Which of these is not a function of estrogen?
- A. decreases adipose
- B. breast development
- C. increased skin blood vessels
- D. enlarges clitoris
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Estrogen does not decrease adipose tissue; it actually promotes fat deposition in certain body areas. Breast development, increased skin blood vessels, and enlargement of the clitoris are all functions of estrogen. Adipose tissue regulation is influenced by other hormones like insulin and cortisol.
A client diagnosed with a vaginal fistula is at risk for low self-esteem. Which of the following would be an appropriate recommendation for the client?
- A. Wear disposable, absorbent incontinence briefs
- B. Avoid the use of commercial deodorizers at home
- C. Abstain from sexual intercourse
- D. Avoid frequent douches
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disposable, absorbent incontinence briefs can help manage symptoms and improve comfort and confidence.
During the first few years after menopause, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are normally extremely high. A 56-year-old woman completed menopause 3 years ago. However, she is found to have low levels of FSH in her blood. Which of the following is the best explanation for this finding?
- A. She has been receiving hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone since she completed menopause
- B. Her adrenal glands continue to produce estrogen
- C. Her ovaries continue to secrete estrogen
- D. She took birth control pills for 20 years before menopause
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: She has been receiving hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone since she completed menopause. Hormone replacement therapy suppresses the release of FSH by providing exogenous hormones, thereby reducing the body's need to produce FSH. This explains the low levels of FSH in her blood despite being postmenopausal.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Her adrenal glands continue to produce estrogen - Adrenal glands do produce small amounts of estrogen, but not in sufficient quantities to significantly impact FSH levels.
C: Her ovaries continue to secrete estrogen - Ovaries cease estrogen production after menopause, so this would not explain the low FSH levels.
D: She took birth control pills for 20 years before menopause - Birth control pills do not directly impact FSH levels in postmenopausal women.
The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has just experienced an endometrial biopsy. Which finding would be reported to the primary health care provider immediately?
- A. Mild cramping
- B. Slight chills and fever
- C. Spotting of blood
- D. Fatigue after anesthesia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, slight chills and fever. This finding may indicate an infection, which can be a serious complication post-endometrial biopsy. Fever and chills can be signs of systemic infection, requiring immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Mild cramping (A) is a common post-procedure symptom. Spotting of blood (C) is also normal after an endometrial biopsy. Fatigue (D) after anesthesia is expected and not an immediate concern unless severe or persistent.