Nokea
One goal of care for a client with PVD is to decrease anxiety, so as to decrease or prevent vasoconstriction of the:
- A. Arteries
- B. Capillaries
- C. Lymphatics
- D. Veins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anxiety can trigger sympathetic nervous system activation, causing arterial vasoconstriction, which worsens ischemia in PVD. Reducing anxiety helps maintain arterial dilation and blood flow. Capillaries, lymphatics, and veins are less affected by this mechanism.
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Which of the following are expected outcomes for a client with pulmonary disease?
- A. A relatively matched ventilation-to-perfusion ratio.
- B. A low ventilation-to-perfusion ratio.
- C. A high ventilation-to-perfusion ratio.
- D. An equal PaO2 and PaCO2 ratio.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A matched ventilation-to-perfusion ratio is the goal in pulmonary disease for efficient gas exchange. Low or high ratios indicate mismatch. Equal PaO2 and PaCO2 is not a standard outcome.
A client with renal calculi has a stent placed. The nurse should teach:
- A. Report blood in urine.
- B. Avoid all activity.
- C. Remove the stent at home.
- D. Expect no discomfort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blood in urine may indicate stent issues, requiring medical attention.
A client with pancreatic cancer is receiving morphine via a subcutaneous pump. The client is developing drug tolerance. The nurse understands that the client is:
- A. Tolerating the medication well.
- B. Showing addiction to morphine.
- C. Requiring an increased dose.
- D. Experiencing physical dependence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drug tolerance means the client requires an increased dose to achieve the same pain relief, as the body has adapted to the current dose of morphine.
A client with acute renal failure is prescribed a low-potassium diet. Which food should be avoided?
- A. Bananas.
- B. Rice.
- C. Apples.
- D. Bread.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bananas are high in potassium, unsuitable for a low-potassium diet.
When assessing a client who has had spinal anesthesia, which of the following would the nurse expect to find?
- A. The client feels pain before moving the legs.
- B. The blood pressure is significantly increased.
- C. Sensation returns to the toes first, then progresses to the perineal area.
- D. The client complains of a headache while in the lying position.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After spinal anesthesia, sensation typically returns distally (toes) first, progressing proximally (perineal area), as the anesthetic wears off in a predictable pattern.