Nokea
One of the clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is uremic frost. Which best describes this term?
- A. Deposits of urea crystals in urine
- B. Deposits of urea crystals on skin
- C. Overexcretion of blood urea nitrogen
- D. Inability of body to tolerate cold temperatures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uremic frost is a term used to describe the presence of urea crystals on the skin of individuals with chronic renal failure. As kidney function declines in chronic renal failure, the body is unable to effectively excrete waste products such as urea. Urea can then be deposited on the skin when sweating, leading to the formation of white or frost-like crystals, giving the appearance of "uremic frost." This condition is a visible indicator of severe kidney dysfunction and the buildup of waste products in the body.
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The clue to need a help for a child who does not respond correctly to 'Give me' or 'Sit down' or 'Come here' when spoken without gestural cues is by age of
- A. 15 months
- B. 18 months
- C. 21 months
- D. 24 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By 24 months, a child should be able to follow simple commands without gestures.
Which describes marasmus?
- A. Deficiency of protein with an adequate supply of calories
- B. Not confined to geographic areas where food supplies are inadequate
- C. Syndrome that results solely from vitamin deficiencies
- D. Characterized by thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen resulting from edema (ascites)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by a deficiency of both calories and protein in the diet. It typically occurs in young children and is often associated with a lack of adequate food intake. The classic presentation of marasmus includes extreme wasting of muscle and fat tissues, resulting in a gaunt appearance with thin limbs and a distended abdomen due to diminished muscle and subcutaneous fat. This differentiates it from kwashiorkor, another form of severe acute malnutrition characterized by edema and a protruding belly but with retained muscle mass. Therefore, option D, characterized by thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen resulting from edema (ascites), accurately describes marasmus.
Which of the ff. would the nurse explain to a patient is the main purpose of a hearing aid?
- A. Amplify background noise
- B. Amplify musical sounds
- C. Occlude the ear
- D. Improve ability to hear
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The main purpose of a hearing aid is to improve the patient's ability to hear. Hearing aids are devices designed to amplify sound for individuals with hearing loss or difficulty hearing. They do not amplify background noise or musical sounds specifically; instead, they are meant to enhance the overall perception of sounds to help individuals better understand speech and communicate effectively. Moreover, hearing aids do not occlude the ear, but rather are used to transmit sound into the ear canal to make sounds louder and clearer for the wearer.
the Anti Streptolycin o titer (ASOT) is positive with :
- A. tonsillitis
- B. glomerulonephritis
- C. RF
- D. all the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Anti Streptolysin O titer (ASOT) is a test used to detect antibodies produced by the body in response to a recent streptococcal infection. A positive ASOT result can be seen in various conditions such as tonsillitis, glomerulonephritis, and Rheumatic fever (RF), which are all associated with streptococcal infections. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all of these conditions can lead to a positive ASOT result.
Parents have a concern that their child is depressed. The nurse relates that which characteristic best describes children with depression?
- A. Increased range of affective response
- B. Preoccupation with need to perform well in school
- C. Change in appetite, resulting in weight loss or gain
- D. Tendency to prefer play instead of schoolwork
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Change in appetite, resulting in weight loss or gain, is a common characteristic seen in children with depression. Some children may experience a significant decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss, while others may have an increased appetite, resulting in weight gain. This change in eating habits is often a noticeable sign that may indicate the presence of depression in children. It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of any significant changes in a child's eating patterns and behavior, as it could be a potential indicator of underlying mental health issues such as depression.