Nokea
One of the following is not a feature of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- A. ADHD is multifactorial in origin
- B. female to male ratio is 2 to 6:1
- C. prenatal exposure to nicotine increases the risk of ADHD.
- D. lead intoxication
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lead intoxication is not a recognized feature of ADHD but rather a separate condition with its own set of symptoms.
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Primary amenorrhea should be considered for any female adolescent who has not reached menarche by
- A. 13 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
- B. 14 years or has not done so within 2 years of thelarche
- C. 14 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
- D. 15 years or has not done so within 3 years of thelarche
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary amenorrhea is suspected if menarche has not occurred by age 15 or within 3 years of thelarche.
Nurse Norma's discharge teaching for Mr. Aurelio, diagnosed with heart failure, should stress the significance of:
- A. maintaining a sedentary lifestyle most of the day
- B. obtain daily weights at the same time
- C. walking 2 miles daily
- D. maintaining a high fiber die
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurse Norma's discharge teaching for Mr. Aurelio, diagnosed with heart failure, should stress the significance of obtaining daily weights at the same time. Daily weights help monitor fluid retention, a key indicator of worsening heart failure. Sudden weight gain may signal fluid buildup in the body, while weight loss may indicate dehydration or treatment effectiveness. By obtaining daily weights at the same time each day, Mr. Aurelio can track changes and provide valuable information for his healthcare team to adjust his treatment plan accordingly. This practice is crucial in managing heart failure and preventing exacerbations.
For a client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include which intervention in the plan of care?
- A. Administering aspirin if the temperature exceeds 102â—‹1 F (38.8â—‹0 C)
- B. inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift
- C. providing for frequent rest periods
- D. Placing the client in strict isolation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Providing for frequent rest periods is the most appropriate intervention for a client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is characterized by a decreased number of platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. Clients with thrombocytopenia are at an increased risk for bleeding and bruising. Therefore, it is important to prevent activities that may lead to injury or bleeding. Providing frequent rest periods allows the client to conserve energy and minimize the risk of trauma that could lead to bleeding complications. This intervention helps manage the symptoms associated with thrombocytopenia and promotes the client's safety and well-being.
Which is a function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the newborn?
- A. Provides ready source of calories in the newborn period
- B. Insulates the body against lowered environmental temperature
- C. Protects the newborn from injury during the birth process
- D. Generates heat for distribution to other parts of body
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized adipose tissue found in newborns and hibernating mammals, whose primary function is to generate heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. This heat generation is essential for maintaining body temperature in newborns, especially as they have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, which results in greater heat loss compared to adults. BAT produces heat by metabolizing stored lipids and disrupting the normal process of cellular respiration, leading to the production of heat instead of ATP. The heat generated by BAT is then distributed throughout the body to help maintain a stable core body temperature in newborns, who are not yet able to regulate their body temperature as effectively as adults.
A 1-year-old child develops right eye ptosis, miosis, and loss of sweating; you suspect neuroblastoma. The MOST valuable investigation to confirm the diagnosis is
- A. CT scan of the neck and chest
- B. CT scan of the abdomen
- C. CT scan of the brain
- D. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CT scan of the neck and chest can help identify a primary neuroblastoma mass in the adrenal gland or sympathetic chain.