One of the major trends that currently influences nursing education and practice is:
- A. increased technology in the field of critical care.
- B. a narrowing scope of practice for nurses.
- C. incivility or disregard of others' rights in social interactions.
- D. a decrease in ethnicity due to international programs allowing students to study from a distance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: increased technology in the field of critical care. This trend is shaping nursing education and practice by improving patient care, enhancing efficiency, and requiring nurses to adapt to new technologies. The advancements in critical care technology have revolutionized the way healthcare is delivered and have become essential in providing high-quality patient care. This trend highlights the importance of nurses staying current with the latest technologies to deliver optimal care.
Choice B is incorrect because there is actually an expanding scope of practice for nurses as they take on more responsibilities and roles in healthcare. Choice C is incorrect as incivility and disregard of others' rights would not be considered a major trend shaping nursing education and practice. Choice D is incorrect as international programs increasing diversity in nursing education and practice would not result in a decrease in ethnicity.
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A team of experienced nurses work together to develop algorithms that are converted into checklists to ensure standardization of commonly performed procedures. The focus of this team is primarily on which Institute of Medicine (IOM) competency?
- A. Safety
- B. Timely
- C. Equitable
- D. Patient-centered care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Safety. The team of nurses developing algorithms and checklists aims to ensure standardization of procedures, which directly relates to patient safety. Safety is a fundamental competency in healthcare, as it involves minimizing harm to patients. Standardization through checklists helps reduce errors and promote consistency in care delivery. Timely care (B) focuses on providing care promptly, equitable care (C) emphasizes fairness and eliminating disparities, and patient-centered care (D) prioritizes individual preferences and needs. While these competencies are important in healthcare, in this scenario, the team's primary focus on standardization aligns with the safety competency.
A researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with a survey of college sophomores. The researcher was applying the principles of:
- A. beneficence.
- B. human dignity.
- C. justice.
- D. human rights.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence.
Summary:
Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.
Which nursing model is referred to as the "class without walls"?
- A. Articulation
- B. Career ladder (2 +
- C. Nightingale’s Environmental Nursing Theory
- D. Online Nursing Learning Framework
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Articulation. This nursing model is referred to as the "class without walls" because it focuses on seamless academic progression and collaboration between educational institutions. Articulation promotes a smooth transition of nursing students from one level of education to another, eliminating barriers and creating a cohesive learning experience. The other choices (B, C, D) do not specifically emphasize the concept of breaking down walls or barriers in education like the Articulation model does.
An older adult is unable to reach the telephone and is found dead at home several hours later. The son of the deceased person arrives at the hospital and asks, "Can I just please stay and hold my dad's hand? He was so afraid of dying alone." Which response by the nurse shows empathy?
- A. "You are just too late for that. Where were you when he needed you?"
- B. "Did you ever consider purchasing a cell phone for your dad to prevent this from happening?"
- C. "I'll close the door so you can spend time with your dad. I will check back in a few minutes."
- D. "I lost my dad last year. He died alone. He was a policeman. I am just like you. Let me stay here and console you."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates empathy by acknowledging the son's request and providing support. By closing the door to allow privacy and promising to check back, the nurse shows understanding and compassion for the son's emotional needs.
Choice A is incorrect as it is insensitive and blames the son. Choice B is inappropriate as it shifts the focus to purchasing a cell phone rather than addressing the son's emotional state. Choice D is also incorrect as it redirects the attention to the nurse's personal experience, failing to address the son's specific request.
A patient with kyphosis is visiting a practitioner of chiropractic medicine for the first time and asks, "How does this therapy work?" The practitioner replies, "I will use my hands along with heat to correct the misalignment of your spine by placing pressure on the nerves that have produced pain. The misalignment of your spine is referred to as:
- A. subluxation."
- B. a sprain."
- C. a fracture."
- D. epicondylitis."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: subluxation. Subluxation in chiropractic terms refers to the misalignment of the vertebrae in the spine, which can put pressure on nerves and cause pain. Chiropractors believe that by using manual adjustments, they can correct these subluxations and restore proper alignment, which can alleviate pain and improve overall health. The other choices, B: a sprain, C: a fracture, and D: epicondylitis, do not accurately describe the misalignment of the spine that is being addressed in chiropractic care. Sprain refers to ligament injury, fracture refers to bone breakage, and epicondylitis refers to inflammation of the tendons.