Nokea
One of the members of the Research Committee wishes to conduct a study involving an interdisciplinary team of colleagues. This study is termed as _________.
- A. clinical
- B. collaborative
- C. exploratory
- D. applied
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The term "collaborative" best fits the situation where a member of the Research Committee wishes to conduct a study involving an interdisciplinary team of colleagues. Collaboration refers to individuals, in this case, researchers or professionals from different disciplines coming together, sharing their expertise, and working collectively towards a common goal or project. In an interdisciplinary study, involving a collaborative approach enhances the diversity of perspectives, skills, and knowledge brought to the research, leading to more comprehensive and well-rounded outcomes. This type of study fosters cooperation, communication, and synergy among team members, thereby promoting innovation and understanding across different areas of expertise.
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A patient presents with a pruritic, annular rash with central clearing and a raised, scaly border. The lesions have a tendency to spread outward in a centrifugal pattern. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Tinea corporis (ringworm)
- B. Nummular eczema
- C. Pityriasis rosea
- D. Erythema migrans (Lyme disease rash)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The described presentation of a pruritic, annular rash with central clearing and a raised, scaly border that spreads outward in a centrifugal pattern is characteristic of tinea corporis, commonly known as ringworm. This fungal infection affects the skin and is typically ring-shaped, with a well-defined, slightly raised, and scaly border. The central area often clears as the lesion enlarges peripherally, resembling a ring. It is important to note that ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a fungus. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications applied topically or taken orally, depending on the severity of the infection.
Which of the following immune cells is primarily responsible for coordinating and regulating immune responses by producing cytokines that direct the activities of other immune cells?
- A. T helper cells (Th cells)
- B. Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)
- C. B cells
- D. Natural killer (NK) cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: T helper cells (Th cells) are primarily responsible for coordinating and regulating immune responses by producing cytokines that direct the activities of other immune cells. These cytokines help in activating cytotoxic T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other cells involved in the immune response. Th cells play a crucial role in mounting an effective immune response against infections and diseases by providing the necessary signals to activate and control various immune cells. Thus, T helper cells are considered the central coordinators of the immune system.
Which of the following can be a MAJOR PROBLEM for a patient with tracheostomy?
- A. Breathing
- B. Swallowing
- C. Ingesting
- D. Singing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Having a tracheostomy means that a patient has an artificial opening in their neck to help them breathe. Therefore, any issues related to breathing, such as blockages in the tracheostomy tube or difficulty in clearing secretions, can pose a major problem for a patient with a tracheostomy. It is crucial to monitor the patient's respiratory status closely and intervene promptly if any breathing difficulties arise to prevent potential respiratory distress or complications.
A woman in active labor is diagnosed with uterine rupture, resulting in fetal distress and maternal hemorrhage. What nursing intervention is essential in managing this obstetric emergency?
- A. Initiating immediate oxytocin infusion
- B. Preparing for immediate instrumental delivery
- C. Performing an emergency cesarean section
- D. Administering intravenous magnesium sulfate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uterine rupture is a severe obstetric complication that requires prompt and decisive management to prevent adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. In cases of uterine rupture leading to fetal distress and maternal hemorrhage, performing an emergency cesarean section is crucial. This intervention allows for rapid delivery of the baby, relieving the distress on the fetus and enabling immediate access to manage the maternal hemorrhage. By performing a timely cesarean section, healthcare providers can expedite the delivery process and effectively address both the fetal and maternal complications associated with uterine rupture. This intervention is essential in saving lives and reducing the risk of further complications in such a critical obstetric emergency.
What specific term should Nurse Gladys write in her charting when a patient is suffering from a change in the angle between the nail base greater than 180 degrees due to congenital heart disease?
- A. Peripheral neuropathy
- B. Inflammation of the fingers
- C. Peripheral cyanosis
- D. Clubbing of the fingers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clubbing of the fingers is a specific term that Nurse Gladys should write in her charting when a patient is suffering from a change in the angle between the nail base greater than 180 degrees due to congenital heart disease. Clubbing of the fingers is a diagnostic sign associated with various medical conditions, including congenital heart disease. It is characterized by changes in the angle and shape of the nails, typically involving softening of the nail bed, enlargement of the fingertips, and a loss of the normal angle between the nail and the nail bed. Peripheral neuropathy, inflammation of the fingers, and peripheral cyanosis are different conditions and do not specifically describe the nail changes seen in clubbing.