Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation and infection of the soft tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth root?
- A. Gingivitis
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dental abscess is a condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the soft tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth root. This infection can result from untreated dental decay, trauma to the tooth, or periodontal disease. The abscess can cause pain, swelling, redness, and even pus formation. Treatment typically involves draining the abscess, removing the source of infection, and possibly prescribing antibiotics to address the infection. If left untreated, a dental abscess can lead to serious complications and spread to other parts of the body.
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A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experiences difficulty swallowing and expresses concerns about choking. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's concerns?
- A. Encourage the patient to avoid eating solid foods to prevent choking.
- B. Refer the patient to a speech therapist for swallowing exercises and techniques.
- C. Administer sedative medications to reduce anxiety related to choking fears.
- D. Recommend inserting a feeding tube for nutritional support.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a patient with difficulty swallowing due to end-stage ALS and concerns about choking is to refer the patient to a speech therapist for swallowing exercises and techniques (Choice B). Speech therapists are trained to assess and manage swallowing difficulties in patients, especially those with neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. They can provide specific exercises and strategies to help the patient swallow safely and reduce the risk of choking. This intervention focuses on addressing the underlying issue causing the difficulty swallowing and aims to improve the patient's quality of life by enhancing their ability to eat and drink. The other options are not as effective or appropriate in addressing the patient's concerns.
While preparing the surgical instruments for sterilization, the nurse notices visible residue on some of the instruments. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Re-sterilize the instruments
- B. Use the instruments for the procedure as they are
- C. Document the findings in the instrument log
- D. Notify the sterile processing department
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If visible residue is noticed on the surgical instruments, it is crucial to re-sterilize them before using them for any procedure. Visible residue may indicate that the instruments are not sterile and could potentially introduce contaminants into the patient during the procedure, leading to infection or other complications. It is essential to maintain the highest standards of cleanliness and sterility in healthcare settings to ensure patient safety. Therefore, the nurse should take immediate action to re-sterilize the instruments before proceeding with any surgical procedure.
A patient with advanced dementia is bedbound and at risk of developing pressure ulcers. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to prevent pressure ulcer formation?
- A. Turn the patient every 2 hours to relieve pressure on bony prominences.
- B. Apply barrier creams or moisture barriers to protect vulnerable skin areas.
- C. Use pressure-relieving support surfaces, such as specialized mattresses or cushions.
- D. Administer prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection in at-risk skin areas.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most effective intervention to prevent pressure ulcers in bedbound patients at risk, such as those with advanced dementia, is to use pressure-relieving support surfaces like specialized mattresses or cushions. These surfaces help distribute the pressure evenly, reducing the risk of pressure ulcer formation on bony prominences. Turning the patient every 2 hours (choice A) can also help relieve pressure, but it may not be sufficient to prevent pressure ulcers in high-risk individuals. Applying barrier creams or moisture barriers (choice B) can help protect the skin but may not address the underlying issue of pressure on vulnerable areas. Administering prophylactic antibiotics (choice D) is not recommended for preventing pressure ulcers as it does not address the root cause of the problem and can lead to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the priority intervention should be to use pressure-relieving support surfaces to minimize the risk of pressure ulcers in
There are three demographic variables in population growth. Which one is NOT included?
- A. Fertility
- B. Morbidity
- C. Migration
- D. Mortality
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or unhealthy, which is not directly related to population growth. On the other hand, fertility, mortality, and migration are three fundamental demographic variables that significantly influence population growth. Fertility refers to the ability of a population to produce offspring, mortality deals with death rates within a population, and migration involves the movement of individuals into or out of a particular area. These three variables play crucial roles in shaping the size and composition of a population over time.
A nurse is preparing to perform a bladder catheterization for a patient with urinary retention. What action should the nurse prioritize to minimize the risk of infection?
- A. Using sterile gloves and a surgical mask during catheterization
- B. Cleansing the perineal area with povidone-iodine solution before catheter insertion
- C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics before the catheterization procedure
- D. Using aseptic technique and sterile equipment during catheter insertion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using aseptic technique and sterile equipment during catheter insertion is crucial for minimizing the risk of infection during bladder catheterization. Aseptic technique involves maintaining a sterile field, washing hands thoroughly, using sterile gloves, and ensuring that all equipment used is sterile. By following these practices, the nurse can prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary tract, reducing the likelihood of infection in the patient. While cleansing the perineal area with antiseptic solutions is important for general hygiene, the priority for infection prevention during catheterization lies in maintaining a sterile environment during the procedure. Administering prophylactic antibiotics is not routinely recommended for catheterization unless there are specific risk factors present.