Nokea
One of the most important driving forces behind health care policy changes is which of the following?
- A. New technology
- B. Outsourcing of services
- C. Emerging role of nurse practitioners
- D. Ability to pay for health care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ability to pay for health care. This is because the affordability of health care services directly impacts policy changes. If individuals cannot afford healthcare, it drives policymakers to make changes to ensure access.
A: New technology may influence healthcare policy, but it is not the primary driving force behind policy changes.
B: Outsourcing of services is a factor in healthcare efficiency but not a primary driver of policy changes.
C: The emerging role of nurse practitioners may impact healthcare delivery, but it is not the main driving force behind policy changes.
In summary, the ability to pay for health care is the most significant driving force behind health care policy changes as it directly impacts access and affordability for individuals.
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One of the critical elements in interviewing is:
- A. Time management during the interview.
- B. Involving others in the interview process.
- C. Choosing the interview location.
- D. Developing an interview guide.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Developing an interview guide. This is critical because it helps structure the interview, ensuring all relevant topics are covered and consistency in questioning. It helps the interviewer stay focused and gather necessary information effectively. A: Time management is important but not a critical element. B: Involving others can be beneficial but not essential. C: Choosing the location is important for comfort but not as critical as having a structured guide.
A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has a sodium level of 125 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L). Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Positive Chvostek's sign
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Numbness of the extremities
- D. Abdominal cramping
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal cramping. A sodium level of 125 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia, which can lead to abdominal cramping due to electrolyte imbalance affecting muscle function. Chvostek's sign (choice A) is associated with hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia. Bradycardia (choice B) is more commonly seen in hyperkalemia. Numbness of the extremities (choice C) is a symptom of hypocalcemia or peripheral neuropathy, not specifically related to hyponatremia. In summary, the healthcare professional should expect abdominal cramping as a result of the low sodium level in this client.
The healthcare provider is developing a critical pathway for congestive heart failure (CHF). Which components are essential to include? (Select ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Expected length of stay
- B. Assigned staff healthcare provider
- C. Patient outcomes
- D. Medical diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the assigned staff healthcare provider is not an essential component in developing a critical pathway for congestive heart failure (CHF). The rationale is that the focus of a critical pathway is on standardizing the care process to improve outcomes and efficiency. Including specific assigned staff members may not be feasible due to staffing variations and may limit flexibility in care delivery. Expected length of stay (A) helps in planning resources, patient outcomes (C) are crucial for evaluating effectiveness, and medical diagnosis (D) guides treatment protocols. Therefore, choice B is not essential compared to the other components.
Which action by a patient indicates that the home health nurse’s teaching about glargine and
regular insulin has been successful?
- A. The patient administers the glargine 30 minutes before each meal
- B. The patient’s family prefills the syringes with the mix of insulins weekly.
- C. The patient draws up the regular insulin and then the glargine in the same syringe.
- D. The patient disposes of the open vials of glargine and regular insulin after 4 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Glargine and regular insulin should not be mixed in the same syringe as they have different onset and duration of action.
Step 2: Administering glargine 30 minutes before each meal is incorrect as it is a long-acting insulin.
Step 3: Pre-filling syringes weekly with the mix of insulins can lead to incorrect dosing or contamination.
Step 4: Disposing of open vials after 4 weeks is the correct action to ensure potency and safety of the insulin.
Summary: Choice D is correct because it demonstrates proper insulin storage and disposal practices. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they involve incorrect administration techniques or storage practices.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of a high-performing healthcare team?
- A. Effective communication
- B. Shared leadership
- C. Collaborative decision making
- D. Hierarchical structure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Collaborative decision making. This is a common characteristic of a high-performing healthcare team because it promotes teamwork, respect for diverse perspectives, and ensures that decisions are made collectively with input from all team members. Collaborative decision making allows for better problem-solving, increases team morale, and fosters a sense of ownership and accountability among team members.
A: Effective communication is important in a healthcare team, but it alone does not guarantee high performance.
B: Shared leadership is valuable, but it is not as essential as collaborative decision making in ensuring team success.
D: Hierarchical structure can hinder collaboration and innovation within a team, making it less likely to be high-performing.
In summary, collaborative decision making is the best choice as it promotes teamwork, inclusivity, and better decision outcomes within a healthcare team.