HESI Pediatrics Quizlet

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One principle to be followed for children with type 1 diabetes is to provide for the variability of the child's activity. What should the nurse teach the child about how to compensate for increased physical activity?

  • A. Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual.
  • B. Take oral, not injectable insulin, on days of heavy exercise.
  • C. Take insulin in the morning when extra exercise is anticipated.
  • D. Eat foods that contain sugar to compensate for the extra exercise.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual. Increased physical activity requires more energy, so additional food intake is necessary to compensate for the increased energy expenditure. This helps maintain blood sugar levels within the target range. Choice B is incorrect because the mode of insulin administration does not change based on physical activity; the type and dose of insulin remain the same unless adjusted by a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because insulin timing should not be adjusted solely based on anticipated exercise; consistent timing of insulin doses is crucial for stable blood sugar control. Choice D is incorrect because consuming foods with sugar may lead to unstable blood sugar levels and is not the recommended way to compensate for extra exercise, as it can result in sudden spikes and drops in blood glucose levels, affecting overall diabetes management.

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A nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule of an 11-month-old infant. What immunizations does the nurse expect the infant to have previously received?

  • A. Pertussis, tetanus, polio, and measles
  • B. Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio
  • C. Rubella, polio, tuberculosis, and pertussis
  • D. Measles, mumps, rubella, and tuberculosis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: By 11 months of age, the recommended vaccines for infants include diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio. These vaccines are part of the routine immunization schedule to protect infants from serious infectious diseases. Choice A is incorrect because measles is not typically administered at this age. Choice C is incorrect because rubella and tuberculosis are not part of routine infant immunizations. Choice D is incorrect because measles, mumps, and rubella are usually given as a combination vaccine later in childhood, not at 11 months of age.

A child is brought to the clinic after tripping over a rock. The child states, 'I twisted my ankle,' and is given a diagnosis of a sprain. What intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the discharge instructions for this child?

  • A. For the first 24 hours, apply ice for 20 minutes and remove for 60 minutes.
  • B. Bed rest with the leg elevated for 36 hours.
  • C. May take an NSAID for pain as prescribed.
  • D. Use a compression dressing for 72 hours.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Applying ice in intervals helps to reduce swelling and pain in the first 24 hours after a sprain. This intervention is crucial in the initial management of a sprain to decrease inflammation and provide pain relief. Bed rest with the leg elevated for 36 hours (Choice B) is not recommended as prolonged immobilization can lead to stiffness and decreased range of motion. Allowing the child to take an NSAID for pain as prescribed (Choice C) is a supportive measure but not as essential as ice application in the acute phase. Using a compression dressing for 72 hours (Choice D) may assist in reducing swelling, but it is not as critical as the immediate application of ice to manage pain and inflammation effectively.

A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler about the signs and symptoms of lead poisoning. Which symptom should the nurse emphasize?

  • A. Abdominal pain
  • B. Constipation
  • C. Irritability
  • D. Frequent urination
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Irritability is a significant symptom of lead poisoning in toddlers and should be emphasized to parents. Lead poisoning can manifest with various symptoms, but irritability is particularly common in children exposed to lead. Abdominal pain (Choice A) is not a typical symptom of lead poisoning in toddlers. While constipation (Choice B) can occur, it is less specific and less common than irritability. Frequent urination (Choice D) is not a typical symptom associated with lead poisoning in toddlers and is less relevant for parents to recognize in this context.

The parent of a 2-year-old child is informed by the nurse that the toddler's negativism is expected at this age. What need is this behavior meeting?

  • A. Trust
  • B. Attention
  • C. Discipline
  • D. Independence
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Negativism in toddlers commonly occurs around the age of 2 as they begin to assert their independence and autonomy. At this stage, children are exploring their own will and preferences, leading to behaviors like defiance or negativism. Independence (choice D) is the primary need being met by this behavior as toddlers strive to establish their individuality and decision-making. While trust (choice A) is crucial for forming secure attachments, it is not the main need driving negativism in this case. Seeking attention (choice B) may be a behavior exhibited by children, but it is not the fundamental need being fulfilled by negativism. Discipline (choice C) is important for setting boundaries and teaching appropriate conduct, but it is not the primary need being addressed by negativism in toddlers.

Parents of a sick infant talk with a nurse about their baby. One parent says, "I am so upset; I didn't realize our baby was ill." What major indication of illness in an infant should the nurse explain to the parent?

  • A. Grunting respirations
  • B. Excessive perspiration
  • C. Longer periods of sleep
  • D. Crying immediately after feedings
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Longer periods of sleep than usual can be a sign of illness in infants. When an infant sleeps more than usual, it can indicate that the baby is conserving energy due to an underlying condition. Grunting respirations (choice A) can be a sign of respiratory distress, not just an indication of illness. Excessive perspiration (choice B) can occur due to various reasons and is not a specific major indication of illness. Crying immediately after feedings (choice D) is a common behavior in infants and not necessarily a major indication of illness.

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