Nokea
One treatment for erectile dysfunction requires the injection of a substance into the corpora cavernosa of the penis. The injection of which of the following causes an erection?
- A. Norepinephrine
- B. A substance that inhibits formation of nitric oxide
- C. Alprostadil
- D. Angiotensin II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprostadil is the correct answer because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that dilates blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, promoting blood flow and causing an erection. Norepinephrine (choice A) constricts blood vessels and inhibits erection. A substance that inhibits nitric oxide formation (choice B) is counterproductive as nitric oxide is essential for vasodilation. Angiotensin II (choice D) constricts blood vessels and does not promote erection. Therefore, C is the correct choice for inducing an erection through vasodilation in the corpora cavernosa.
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Chemotherapeutic agents affect cancer cells by
- A. destroying all affected tumor tissue
- B. preventing antigen-antibody response
- C. interfering with manufacture of cellular nucleic acids
- D. encouraging normal cells to overtake cancer cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapy works by interfering with the ability of cancer cells to divide and grow.
The mammary gland:
- A. is an erectile organ;
- B. is part of the internal genital organs;
- C. is an accessory gland of the female reproductive system;
- D. is a pair organ;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The mammary gland is not an erectile organ, eliminating choice A.
2. It is not part of the internal genital organs, ruling out choice B.
3. The mammary gland is indeed an accessory gland of the female reproductive system, making choice C correct.
4. Lastly, the mammary gland is a pair of organs, which supports choice D as incorrect.
Therefore, choice C is correct as the mammary gland functions as an accessory gland in the female reproductive system.
In teaching a class of adolescents about sexually transmitted diseases, a nurse includes which information about the human papillomavirus (HPV)?
- A. HPV is fragile and not easily transmitted.
- B. Wartlike growths in the genital area are a sign of HPV infection.
- C. There is a specific blood test needed to screen for HPV.
- D. Heavy, purulent vaginal discharge is the primary sign of HPV.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wartlike growths in the genital area are a sign of HPV infection. This is because HPV often manifests as genital warts. HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to various health issues, including genital warts and certain types of cancers. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because HPV is not fragile, does not require a specific blood test for screening, and does not typically present with heavy, purulent vaginal discharge.
Where does the ovum receive the sperm?
- A. Animal pole
- B. Vegetal pole
- C. Zona pellucida
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Zona pellucida. The ovum receives the sperm in the zona pellucida, which is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte. Sperm must first penetrate this layer to fertilize the egg. Choices A and B (Animal pole and Vegetal pole) refer to different regions of the egg and are not directly involved in sperm-egg interaction. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect because the zona pellucida is indeed where the sperm interacts with the ovum during fertilization.
PID is an infection of the pelvic organs, excepting the uterus. The nurse's role in caring for a client hospitalized with PID includes which of the following?
- A. The nurse inquires if the client has douched within the last 48 hours
- B. The nurse advises a douche every hour prior to being examined
- C. The nurse avoids administering analgesics
- D. The nurse avoids washing the perineal area
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inquiring about recent douching helps understand potential contributing factors to the infection.