Nokea
Organs that lie outside the abdominal cavity such as the duodenum, pancreas, urinary bladder and rectum are
- A. covered with parietal peritoneum.
- B. covered with visceral peritoneum.
- C. retroperitoneal.
- D. covered with serous membranes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: retroperitoneal. Organs like the duodenum, pancreas, urinary bladder, and rectum are considered retroperitoneal because they lie behind the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity. They are not completely covered by visceral peritoneum (B) as they are not suspended in the abdominal cavity. They are not covered by parietal peritoneum (A) as this layer lines the abdominal wall. While these organs are covered with serous membranes (D), the defining characteristic is their location behind the peritoneum, making option C the most accurate choice.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following statements about the stomach is FALSE?
- A. there are no enzymes secreted in the stomach to digest carbohydrate
- B. pepsin (from pepsinogen) is released to digest proteins
- C. amino acids are absorbed through the stomach wall and go directly to the liver
- D. the appetite regulatory peptide, ghrelin, is released by the stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because amino acids are not absorbed through the stomach wall; they are absorbed in the small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices break down proteins into peptides. Option A is incorrect because the stomach secretes pepsin to digest proteins. Option B is also incorrect as pepsinogen is converted to pepsin for protein digestion. Option D is incorrect since ghrelin, the appetite hormone, is indeed released by the stomach.
Mucosal necrosis is an essential part of:
- A. blind loop syndrome
- B. pseudomembranous enterocolitis
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Mucosal necrosis is a key characteristic of pseudomembranous enterocolitis, a condition caused by Clostridium difficile infection. The bacteria release toxins that lead to inflammation and damage to the mucosal lining of the intestines, resulting in mucosal necrosis. Blind loop syndrome (choice A) does not specifically involve mucosal necrosis, while pseudomembranous enterocolitis (choice B) does. Choice C is incorrect because only pseudomembranous enterocolitis involves mucosal necrosis. Choice D is incorrect as pseudomembranous enterocolitis does involve mucosal necrosis.
Functions in the liver include production of:
- A. Digestive enzymes
- B. Secondary bile acids
- C. Stercobilinogen
- D. CCK
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Digestive enzymes. The liver produces bile, which contains bile salts that help digest fats in the small intestine. Additionally, the liver produces various digestive enzymes like lipase, amylase, and proteases. These enzymes aid in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats during the digestion process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because secondary bile acids are produced in the intestine, stercobilinogen is a product of bilirubin breakdown in the intestine, and CCK (cholecystokinin) is a hormone produced by the small intestine to stimulate the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes but not directly produced by the liver.
What manifestation in the patient does the nurse recognize as an early sign of hepatic encephalopathy?
- A. Manifests asterixis
- B. Becomes unconscious
- C. Has increasing oliguria
- D. Is irritable and lethargic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Is irritable and lethargic. Early signs of hepatic encephalopathy often include behavioral changes like irritability and lethargy due to impaired brain function from liver dysfunction. This is because the liver is unable to properly detoxify ammonia, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream and affecting brain function. Asterixis, unconsciousness, and oliguria are more severe manifestations seen in later stages of hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, recognizing irritability and lethargy in a patient would prompt early intervention to prevent further progression of hepatic encephalopathy.
The nurse is educating a group of older adults on ways to prevent falls. Which statement made by an older adult indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. "I will make sure that I wear my glasses when I walk outside."
- B. "I should make sure my home is free of clutter to prevent tripping."
- C. "I'll make sure I get up slowly from a sitting position to prevent dizziness."
- D. "I won't need to wear shoes in the house since I am only walking a short distance."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Walking barefoot increases the risk of slipping and falling, especially for older adults with balance issues. Wearing shoes indoors provides stability and reduces the risk of falls. Choices A, B, and C all demonstrate good fall prevention strategies by addressing vision, home safety, and orthostatic hypotension respectively.