Nokea
Osmotic pressure is the tendency for a single solution to absorb what substance?
- A. Sodium.
- B. Water.
- C. Positive ions.
- D. Negative ions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Water. Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the flow of water across a semipermeable membrane to achieve equilibrium. Water moves from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration to balance the concentration on both sides of the membrane. Therefore, the tendency for a solution to absorb water is what osmotic pressure refers to. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because osmotic pressure is specifically related to the movement of water molecules, not sodium, positive ions, or negative ions.
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Which combination of cell cycle phase and descriptor is correct?
- A. S phase - the cell synthesizes DNA and doubles its cytoplasm
- B. G� phase - the amount of chromosomes is doubled
- C. GÄ‚‚ phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size and make proteins
- D. Interphase - the cell increases in mass and number of organelles to prepare for cell division
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The GÄ‚‚ phase is the phase before mitosis within interphase where the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins needed for cell division. Option A incorrectly describes the S phase, which is primarily for DNA synthesis. Option B is incorrect as the doubling of chromosomes does not occur in GÄ‚� phase. Option D is inaccurate because interphase encompasses GÄ‚�, S, and GÄ‚‚ phases, during which the cell prepares for division by increasing its mass and organelles, rather than specifically focusing on mitosis preparation.
What is the term for a statement predicting the outcome of an experiment?
- A. Experiment.
- B. Hypothesis.
- C. Conclusion.
- D. Observation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypothesis. A hypothesis is a statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment based on prior knowledge or observations. It serves as the foundation for the experiment and guides the research process.
A: Experiment - This choice refers to the actual process of conducting a test or investigation, not the prediction of the outcome.
C: Conclusion - This choice pertains to the final result or summary drawn from the experiment after analyzing the data collected, not the initial prediction.
D: Observation - This choice involves gathering and recording data through direct sensory experience, not making a prediction about the experiment's outcome.
Which term means alternate forms of a gene for the same trait?
- A. Genotypes
- B. Alleles
- C. Gametes
- D. Phenotypes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist for a given trait. For example, a gene for flower color may have a red allele and a white allele, representing the alternate forms of that gene. Genotypes refer to the genetic makeup, while phenotypes refer to the observable traits.
Why do cells require a large surface-to-volume ratio?
- A. For complexity.
- B. Compartmentalization.
- C. Size of organelles.
- D. Nutrient and gas exchange.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nutrient and gas exchange. Cells require a large surface-to-volume ratio to efficiently exchange nutrients and gases with their environment. With a larger surface area, cells can absorb more nutrients and oxygen while expelling waste and carbon dioxide more effectively.
Rationale:
1. Nutrient exchange: A larger surface area allows for more nutrient absorption, essential for cell metabolism and function.
2. Gas exchange: A high surface-to-volume ratio facilitates the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide necessary for cellular respiration.
3. Efficiency: Cells need to maintain a balance between surface area and volume to ensure optimal nutrient and gas exchange.
4. Other choices:
- A: Complexity is not directly related to the surface-to-volume ratio.
- B: Compartmentalization refers to the organization of organelles within a cell, not the surface-to-volume ratio.
- C: While size of organelles can affect cell function, it is not the primary reason for requiring a
Using the information provided in question #44, what would be the phenotype if the offspring is Bb?
- A. Black
- B. Black and tan
- C. Tan
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In genetics, when discussing the phenotype of an offspring with a genotype of Bb, the dominant trait 'Black' would be expressed. In this case, the dominant allele 'B' leads to the expression of the black color, overriding the recessive allele 'b,' which would signify tan. Therefore, the correct answer is A, 'Black.' The dominant allele 'B' in the genotype Bb expresses the black color, as it is dominant over the recessive allele 'b.' Hence, the phenotype of the offspring with the genotype Bb would be 'Black.'