Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System Related

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Ova and sperm are also known as which of the following?

  • A. Gonads
  • B. Gametes
  • C. Stem cells
  • D. Hormones
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gametes. Ova and sperm are reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction. Gametes are specialized cells that combine during fertilization to form a new organism. They are distinct from gonads (A), which are the organs that produce gametes. Stem cells (C) are undifferentiated cells that can develop into various cell types, not specific to ova and sperm. Hormones (D) are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, not directly related to ova and sperm production.

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If testing after birth shows that a neonate has inherited galactosemia, an inborn error of metabolism, the neonate should be fed

  • A. human milk
  • B. whey-based formula
  • C. soy-based formula
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Soy-based formulas lack lactose and galactose, making them suitable for infants with galactosemia.

If a nurse administers the wrong drug to a patient but the patient suffers no ill effects, the elements of malpractice that are missing are

  • A. Duty to use care and breach of duty
  • B. Duty to use care and damages
  • C. Damages and causation
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Without harm or injury, the essential components of damages and causation are absent.

Each of the following structures is a part of the vulva except the:

  • A. Mons pubis
  • B. Labia majora
  • C. Perineum
  • D. Clitoris
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The perineum is not part of the vulva but rather the area between the vaginal orifice and the anus.

A 5-day-old infant male has an abnormally large head. A CT scan examination reveals enlarged lateral and third ventricles but a normal-size fourth ventricle. Which of the following conditions is likely to cause this presentation?

  • A. Holoprosencephaly
  • B. Disorder of prosencephalon
  • C. Stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvia
  • D. Meningitis with blockage of arachnoid villi
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvia. This condition causes obstruction in the Sylvian aqueduct, leading to hydrocephalus with enlarged lateral and third ventricles but a normal fourth ventricle. Holoprosencephaly (A) is a midline defect, not specific to ventricle enlargement. Disorder of prosencephalon (B) is too broad and doesn't specifically address ventricle enlargement. Meningitis with blockage of arachnoid villi (D) is typically associated with communicating hydrocephalus, not specific to the aqueductal stenosis pattern seen in this case.

When expressing milk from the breast, a woman should

  • A. alternate between the C and the U hold in fixed positions
  • B. start with the C hold but move about the breast clockwise
  • C. use the C hold and hold the hand in a fixed position
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rotating hand placement ensures even emptying of the breast.

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