Nokea
Paediatric HIV infection:
- A. Is similar to adult HIV infection except for the mode of transmission
- B. Antenatal screening of pregnant women is not of proven benefit
- C. Developmental delay is a recognised presentation
- D. In an infant, the diagnosis is established first before any management steps are undertaken
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Developmental delay is a recognized presentation of paediatric HIV infection, reflecting the impact of the virus on the developing nervous system.
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The nurse is preparing an adolescent for discharge after a cardiac catheterization. Which statement by the adolescent would indicate a need for further teaching?
- A. “I should avoid tub baths but may shower.â€
- B. “I have to stay on strict bed rest for 3 days.â€
- C. “I should remove the pressure dressing the day after the procedure.â€
- D. “I may attend school but should avoid exercise for several days.â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The child does not need to be on strict bed rest for 3 days. Showers are recommended; children should avoid a tub bath. The pressure dressing is removed the day after the catheterization and replaced by an adhesive bandage to keep the area clean. Strenuous activity must be avoided for several days, but the child can return to school.
HLA B27 positivity is least common in
- A. Ankylosing spondylosis
- B. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis
- C. Inflammatory bowel disease
- D. Reactive arthritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HLA B27 positivity is least common in inflammatory bowel disease compared to the other conditions listed.
A 4-month-old infant with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) has dropped from the 20th percentile to the 5th for weight. What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
- A. Adding solid foods to the infant's diet to increase caloric intake
- B. Fortifying breast milk to increase the number of calories per ounce
- C. Stopping breastfeeding and giving 30 kcal/ounce formula
- D. Supplementing breastfeeding with 24 kcal/ounce formula
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infants with heart defects who have congestive heart failure (CHF) may need modification of formula or breast milk to increase calories. Fortifying breast milk is the first and best option.
Which of the following children are abnormal?
- A. 18-month-old who is able to put three blocks on top of each other and has a 2-word vocabulary
- B. 3-month-old who has just attained good head control, and is reaching for objects
- C. 5-year-old with difficulty in reading sentences from a book
- D. Bottom-shuffler who is still not walking at 16 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 5-year-old with difficulty reading sentences from a book may indicate a developmental or learning disorder, which is considered abnormal for that age.
Appropriate investigations in the emergency management of a 4-year-old presenting in a coma:
- A. Serum magnesium level
- B. Throat swabs
- C. Arterial blood gas
- D. CT scan
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arterial blood gas analysis is crucial in the emergency management of a comatose child to assess oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status.